Visual Arts Expression of Children with Special Needs

Ovim istraživanjem dobiven je uvid u mogućnosti likovnog izražavanja djece s teškoćama koja ustanovu za predškolski odgoj i obrazovanje pohađaju po posebnim programima. Cilj istraživanja je dobivanje informacija o mogućnostima likovnog izražavanja djece s teškoćama, značajke njihovog likovnog oblikovanja u određenim likovnim tehnikama (crtačkom, slikarskom i kiparskom) te mogućnost određivanja likovne tipologije u odnosu na dob i teškoću djeteta. Korištene su empirijsko-analitička i induktivna metoda, prikupljeni su i analizirani likovni uradci djece s teškoćama na osnovu kojih je dobiven izravan uvid u mogućnosti likovnog izražavanja djece s teškoćama te njihovu likovnu tipologiju. Dječji likovni uradci dobiveni su organizacijom i provedbom likovnih radionica tijekom kojih je vođena lista praćenja koja sadrži podatke za fizičku pojavnost uratka, likovni razvoj djeteta te zapažanja odgajatelja i istraživača tijekom istraživanja. Na radionicama su korištene likovne tehnike: crtanje s temom ljudski lik, slikanje s temom cvijet i kiparstvo-modeliranje s temom ribica. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 19 djece obuhvaćene posebnim programima: program za djecu s poremećajima iz spektra autizma, program za djecu sa smanjenim intelektualnim sposobnostima i program za djecu sa motoričkim oštećenjima. Sva su djeca predškolske dobi iz ustanove za predškolski odgoj i obrazovanje DV „Rijeka“. Istraživanjem su dobiveni rezultati o mogućnostima njihovog likovnog izražavanja, značajkama likovnog izražavanja u likovnim tehnikama te mogućnosti određivanja likovne tipologije u odnosu na dob i teškoću djeteta.This research has provided an insight into the ability to articulate children with disabilities who are educated in pre-school education and attending special programs. The aim of the research is to obtain information about the possibilities of artistic expression of children with disabilities, the characteristics of their visual artwork in certain art techniques (drawing, painting and sculpture) and the ability to determine the visual typology in relation to the age and difficulty of the child. Used method was an empirical-analytical and inductive method. The artwork of children with disabilities was collected and analyzed, on which was based a direct insight into the visual expression of children with disabilities and their visual typology. Children's artwork was obtained through the organization and implementation of art workshops during which was taken a sheet containing information of the child's artwork, his artwork development and the observation of the educators and researcher. Art techniques used in workshops were: drawing a human, painting a flower and sculpture-modeling the fish. The study included 19 children enlisted in special programs: a program for children with autism spectrum disorders, a program for children with reduced intellectual abilities and a program for children with motor impairments. All children are pre-school age from the Pre-school Education Institution - kindergartens "Rijeka". The research has yielded results on the possibilities of their artistic expression, the characteristics of artistic expression in the art techniques and the ability to determine the visual typology in relation to the age and difficulty of the child