PROBLEM OF DEATH IN ANCIENT ETHICS

U ovom radu prikazan je jedan od glavnih problema moralne filozofije – smrt. Izazivanje smrti (ubojstvom, samoubojstvom te abortusom) predmeti su moralnih rasprava, a u ovom radu cilj je bio prikazati te probleme s filozofskog aspekta. Prikazan je razvoj tj. geneza razumijevanja smrti od predsokratovaca do Aristotela. Predsokratovci su se bavili uglavnom kozmološkim pitanjima, dok Sokrat, Platon te Aristotel raspravljaju o etičkim tj. moralnim pitanjima. Epikurejska škola izdvojena je jer je također imala razvijen stav o smrti, kao što je zanimljiva zbog stava da smrt nije štetna za nas, ukoliko se ne uznemiravamo oko iste – dok postojimo ne trebamo se zamarati što će biti u budućnosti. Sokrat, Platon te Aristotel imaju slična viđenja o smrti u nekim aspektima – npr. smatraju da je strah od smrti nepotreban jer mi ne možemo znati na koji način će ona utjecati na nas, ako se nije još dogodila. Navedeni filozofi progovaraju i o duši jer je povezana s temom smrti. Pitanje koje se ovdje postavlja jest što se događa s dušom nakon smrti – filozofi se slažu da istinski filozof treba težiti umrijeti jer tek onda njegova duša se oslobađa od onog propadljivog – tijela.This paper presents one of the major problems of moral philosophy - death. The cause of death (murder, suicide and abortion) is a matter of moral debate, and in this paper the aim was to present these problems from the philosophical aspect. This paper represents development of understanding death from the Presocratics to Aristotle. The Presocratics discussed mainly cosmological issues, while Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle discuss ethical moral issues. The Epicurean school is listed also because it also had a developed attitude of death, as it is interesting because of the attitude that death is not harmful to us unless we are disturbed about the same - while we exist we do not have to bother what's going to be in the future. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle have similar visions of death in some aspects - for instance, fear of death is unnecessary because we can’t know how it will affect us if it has not yet happened. These philosophers also talk about the soul because it is related to the theme of death. The main question here is what happens to the soul after death - philosophers agree that the true philosopher should strive to die because only then his soul is relieved of that pernicious body