FUNCTIONAL TRAINING OF PATIENTS WITH OSTEOPOROTIC COMPRESSION FRACTURES OF THE VERTEBRAE

Osteoporoza je sistemska, metabolička bolest koštanog sustava koju karakterizira smanjena mineralna gustoća i poremećena mikroarhitektura kosti, što uzrokuje povećanu lomljivost i smanjenje koštane mase. Postoje čimbenici na koje možemo utjecati da bolest ne nastane (prehrana, štetne navike, manjak tjelovježbe, stres) i oni na koje ne možemo utjecati (spol, dob, rasa, genetika). Bolest se najčešće klinički manifestira tek kad se dogodi prijelom, a uzrok prijeloma je minimalna trauma (kihanje/pad sa kreveta/stolice). Najčešći prijelomi su: prijelom kralješka, vrata bedrene kosti, ručnog zgloba. Posljedice su bolnost, nesposobnost i smanjena kvaliteta života. Denzitometrija („zlatni standard“) je dijagnostička metoda kojom mjerimo koštanu gustoću i određujemo koštane vrijednosti. Osteoporoza je uglavnom bolest žena, ali ni muškarci nisu iznimka i taj broj raste u današnjem svijetu. Liječenje osteoporoze dijelimo na farmakološko i nefarmakološko, a prilikom liječenja je bitna suradnja niza stručnjaka. Ukoliko dođe do stabilnog kompresivnog prijeloma kralješka odmah se pristupa konzervativnom liječenju koje obuhvaća nošenje ortoze i kineziterapiju. U slučaju da takvo liječenje ne daje rezultate, prelazimo na intervencijsko kirurško liječenje. Osteoporoza iz godine u godinu postaje sve veći medicinski problem što znači da zdravstveni djelatnici moraju raditi više na podizanju svijesti o toj bolesti, njenoj prevenciji i promjeni načina života, od dječje dobi pa nadalje.Osteoporosis is a systemic, metabolic bone disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density and disrupted bone microarchitecture, causing increased brittleness and a decrease in bone mass. There are factors that can affect disease not to develop (nutrition, harmful habits, lack of exercise, stress) and those on which we can not influence (gender, age, race, genetics). The disease is usually clinically manifested only when the bone breaks which is caused by minimal trauma (sneezing, fall from beds/ chairs). The most common fractures are vertebral fracture, femoral neck, wrist. The consequences are pain, disability and reduced quality of life. Densitometry ("gold standard") is a diagnostic method that measure bone mineral density and bone determine value. Osteoporosis is a disease of women in general, but even men are no exception, and that number is growing. Treatment of osteoporosis is divided into pharmacological and non-pharmacological and demands collaboration of several experts of medicine. If there is a stable compression fracture of the vertebrae, immediately indicated is conservative treatment approach that consists of wearing orthotics and exercise, if it doesn't give any results, next step is interventional surgical treatment. Osteoporosis is a growing medical problem which means that health professionals need to work more on raising awareness about the disease, prevention and lifestyle changes from childhood onwards