Microbial and enzymatic methods of removal of herbicides from water

U radu su opisane mikrobiološke te enzimatske metode uklanjanja bentazona, pendimetalina i terbutilazina. Odabrani herbicidi nalaze se u tri različite kemijske skupine jer se razlikuju po mehanizmu djelovanja. Bentazon se ubraja u benzotiadiazinone, pendimetalin u dinitroaniline, a terbutilazin u triazine. Benzotiadiazinoni i triazini inhibitori su fotosinteze, dok su dinitroanilini inhibitori diobe biljnih stanica. Razgradnja terbutilazina u tlu ovisi i o temperaturi te se brže razgrađuje na višim temperaturama. Uklanjanje pendimetalina iz vode moguće je korištenjem bakterija koje imaju sposobnost razgradnje tog herbicida. Kao postupak razgradnje u literaturi spominje se bioremedijacija koja djeluje kao prirodni proces mikrobiološke razgradnje odnosno kao interakcija mikroorganizama i sastojaka otpada, primjenom bioreaktora te tzv. „zelena tehnologija“ koja podrazumijeva biljke kao faktore razgradnje različitih onečišćujućih tvari. Postupci uklanjanja provode se kako bi se smanjio utjecaj na zdravlje ljudi te sačuvao prirodni okoliš.This paper describes the microbiological and enzymatic methods for removing bentazone, pendimethalin and terbuthylazine. Selected herbicides are divided in three different chemical groups differing in the mechanism of action. Bentazon is included in the benzothiadiazinones, pendimethalin in the dinitroaniline and terbuthylazine in the benzothiadiazinones. Benzothiadizinones and triazines are inhibitors of photosynthesis while dinitroanilines are inhibitors of plant cell division. Terbuthylazine degradation in the soil also depends on the temperature and is quickly degraded at higher temperatures. Pendimethalin can be removed from water using bacteria that have the ability of herbicide degradation. As a process of degradation bioremediation is mentioned, this acts as a natural process of microbial degradation or by the interaction of microorganisms and components of waste, by using a bioreactor. Removal processes are carried out in order to reduce the impact on human health and preserve the natural environment