The role of tumor microenvironment in development of chemoresistance

Mnoga istraživanja potvrdila su kompleksnost tumora kojeg ne čine samo tumorske stanice, nego i mikrookoliš koji se sastoji od stromalnih stanica (fibroblasta, imunih stanica, endotelnih stanica, mezenhimalnih matičnih stanica, adipocita) i izvanstaničnog matriksa. Putem raznih faktora i enzima koje luče, kao što su IL-6, TGF- β, MMPs, HIF-1 potiču proliferaciju tumora, angiogenezu i kemorezistenciju. CAFs su najmnogobrojnije stanice u tumorskom mikrookolišu te bi se njih trebalo posebno uzeti u obzir pri istraživanju novih terapija. Mikrookoliš utječe na agresivnost i metastaziranje tumora, a kroz interakcije sa stanicama raka putem različitih signalnih puteva omogućava uvjete za proliferaciju tumora i zaštitu stanica raka od kemoterapeutika.Many reports revealed complexity of tumor which is composed not only of cancer cells, but also of microenvironment which contains stromal cells (fibroblasts, immune cells, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adypocytes), extracellular matrix. By release of different soluble factors and enzymes, such as IL-6, TGF- β, MMPs, HIF-1 they promote tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and chemoresistance. CAFs are the most numerous cells in microenvironment so there should be special attention payed to them when creating new cancer therapies. Tumor microenvironment can affect how aggressive and metastatic tumor can get and by interacting with cancer cells through different signaling pathways can promote tumor proliferation and protection of tumor cells from chemotherapeutics