Intensity of the economic development of the lower Volga region during the golden horde epoch (by the materials of the cities' environs)

The purpose of the article is to characterize the main stages in the economic development of the Lower Volga region during the Golden Horde time on the basis of numismatic materials occurring from the sites in the regions with the largest settlements on this territory - Uvek, Tsarevskoe, Selitrennoe and Sharenyy Bugor. The article demonstrates the general regularities of the monetary circulation development in the Lower Volga region, as well as the local differences in it. It seems to be an interesting idea to express the extent of the economic development as a percentage of the maximum level, which is the number of sites dated by Uzbek's and Janibek's coins, whose rule was marked by the heydays of the Golden Horde state and its economy