The Distribution of Consumer Durables and Changes in the Economic Strata in Rural Communities : A Case of a Village in M.P. under the Economic Growth of India during the Past Decade

インドの経済成長のもたらした農村への影響を評価するために，MP州の1農村における経済階層の変化を1996年と2007年の2時点で把握した。2時点での悉皆調査から耐久消費財の所有状況を各世帯属性とあわせて把握した。耐久消費財の所有状況を数量化理論Ⅲ類を用いてスコア化するとともに，ジャーティや農地の所有，農業経営の方向性，就業状況や就学状況と合わせて検討した。概して耐久消費財の普及が進んでいることに加え，従来の経済階層を根本的に覆すようなおおきな変化はないものの，かつての上位から下位へ，かつての下位から上位へという階層間移動が少なからず認められた。また，その背景には農地所有の多寡のみならず，より積極的な農業経営に対する取り組みや，農外就業の状況，学歴などと一定の関係が認められた。結果を一般化することはできないが，その機会を押し広げていく努力が求められる。This study attempts to shed light on the impact of economic growth in India on rural villages by conducting two enumeration-based surveys in a rural village, carried out in 1996 and 2007, on the increase in the ownership of consumer durables and changes in the economic strata in rural villages. The main objective of the study was to grasp the impact of economic growth focusing on consumer durables ownership. In addition, it also looked at the state of farmland ownership which determines the economic strata in traditional villages, and the Jati socio-cultural stratum. The study also ranked each household by the amount of durable goods owned using Hayashi’s Quantification Method Type III. The results revealed the following: 1) Between the first survey in 1996 and the second in 2007, durable goods ownership clearly increased, and in that sense the economic growth of India can be said to have affected rural villages. 2) No drastic changes could be seen in socioeconomic strata between the two surveys. In particular, there were many Khati households in the relatively upper end of the stratum owning consumer durables and farmland, and many Bagris, Bhils and Chamars in the lower end of the stratum; thereby indicating no significant change. 3) However, this does not mean that there has been no vertical mobility among the lower ranking households. A considerable degree of mobility between strata among peoples such as Khatis and Chamars in the Jati group was confirmed. 4) As for factors affecting the vertical mobility to the higher end of the stratum, a relationship between gaining employment in more stable non-agricultural work such as full-time factory jobs and having an education above a certain level that such work requires was strongly confirmed. 5) Likewise, as for factors keeping households in the lower end of the stratum, a strong relationship between continuing to work as agricultural laborers and a low level of education was confirmed.本研究は，科学研究費補助金（基盤研究（A））「グローバリゼーション下のインドにおける国土空間構造の変動と国内周辺部問題」研究課題番号:17251009，研究代表者: 岡橋秀典（広島大学）によるものである