Motherhood : differences in the sense of self between women having children and female students

The present study examined how the mother culture would affect the sense of self in women having children Four-hundred fourteen mothers and 212 female students. A questionnaire consisted of five scales: (a) Internal Working Model Scale (Takuma & Toda,1988), (b) Self-esteem Scale (Yamamoto & Matsui & Yamanari,1982), (c) Achievement Motivation Scale (Horino,1987), (d) Maternal Scale (Hanazawa,1981), (e) Satisfaction Scale (Aoki, Matsui & Iwao, 1986: Ono,1984). The following results were obtained. First, mothers differ from female student in terms of the sense of self-quantities. Second, mothers live on larger relationships with others than female students