Relationship to the past and its peculiarities in the autobiographic narratives of the post-war Vilnius inhabitants

Per pastaruosius tris dešimtmečius po nepriklausomybės atgavimo Lietuvoje, kaip ir daugelyje kitų posovietinių visuomenių, yra pastebimas padidėjęs susidomėjimas praeitimi, kuris paskatino naujas praeities interpretavimo bei įamžinimo formas, nukreiptas į anksčiau draustus, ignoruotus ar užmirštus istorinius faktus ir asmenines patirtis. Savaime suprantama, kad svarbiausias šiuo aspektu ir labiausiai permąstymo yra reikalingas sovietmetis. Straipsnyje, remiantis mokslo tiriamojo projekto „Individualaus modernėjimo siužetai pirmosios kartos miestiečių autobiografiniuose pasakojimuose (pokario Vilnius)“ metu sukauptais žodiniais autobiografiniais pasakojimais, taip pat memuarinio pobūdžio knygomis ir kitais mažesnės apimties šaltiniais, siekiama pasigilinti į skirtingos etninės kilmės (lietuvių, žydų, lenkų) ir skirtingo likimo žmonių gyvenimo istorijas, kuriose atsiskleidžia jų požiūris į Vilnių kaip į gimtąjį miestą ir jo sovietinę praeitį, išryškėja, kaip yra traktuojami skirtingi Vilniaus istorijos laikotarpiai ir kurie iš jų tapo žmonių savasties dalimi ir savivokos pamatu sovietinės okupacijos metais. Rašytuose atsiminimuose ir žodžiu perteikiamuose autobiografiniuose pasakojimuose neretai labai ryškus yra nostalgijos aspektas, kuris vienu metu reiškiasi ir kaip specifinė asmens atminties ypatybė, ir kaip vaizdingo praeities perkūrimo būdas.In the course of the last three decades after restoration of independence in Lithuania, similarly to the other post-Soviet societies, interest in the past has increased significantly, prompting various new forms of interpretation and commemoration of the past to appear, grasping also the formerly prohibited, ignored or forgotten historical facts and personal experiences. Understandably, the Soviet period stands out as the most important in this respect and requires particular re-consideration. Initially, the official Soviet period, being heavily weighed with ideology, was regarded both in the public discourse and in the personal memoirs as an empty and lost time, which had to be discarded and forgotten. The collective memory of the nation was primarily directed at the period of the first independence (1918–1940), which had recently emerged from oblivion. This included the hitherto publicly suppressed victimological narratives of occupation, deportations, partisan resistance, and Holocaust. On the other hand, the general decline of the economic and social sphere, brought about by the change of the political regime, caused considerable amount of individual disappointment in the post-Soviet reality and led to certain revisionist and nostalgic idealization of the Soviet times. The post-war history of Vilnius also was subject to reconsideration. The author of the article analyzes oral interviews collected in the course of fieldwork carried out for the research project „Plots of Individual Modernization in the Autobiographic Narratives of the First Generation Urban Inhabitants (Post-War Period in Vilnius)”, as well as some published memoirs and other sources. She investigates the life stories of people differing in terms of their ethnic background (Lithuanians, Jews, and Poles) and their fate. These stories reveal attitudes of the narrators towards Vilnius as their native city and towards its Soviet past, their views on different historical periods, including Soviet experience standing in contrast to the idealized pre-war image of the city. The nostalgic side is frequently especially prominent both in the published memoirs and in the oral autobiographic narratives, manifesting simultaneously as a specific feature of personal memory and as a way for impressive recreation of the past