Implementation of sustainable development strategies in rural municipalities

1992 m. Rio De Žaneiro pasaulinėje Aplinkos ir vystymosi konferencijoje darnus vystymasis įteisintas kaip pagrindinė ilgalaikė visuomenės vystymosi strategija. Po 20 m. Jungtinių Tautų vystymosi forume „Ateitis, kurios norime“ konstatuota, jog būtina stiprinti darnaus vystymosi institucinę dimensiją - numatytų tikslų įgyvendinimui būtinos visų lygių veiksmingos, atskaitingos, demokratiškos, gero valdymo principus įgyvendinančios institucijos. Be to, būtina didinti ir visuomeninių organizacijų aktyvumą, formuoti darnaus vystymosi politiką principu „iš apačios į viršų“. Straipsnyje analizuojami kaimiškųjų vietovių darnaus vystymosi aspektai. Nagrinėjamos kaimo plėtros teritorinio požiūrio koncepcijos, tampančios darnaus vystymosi ašimi, bendruomenių institucinė plėtra, gero valdymo ir darnaus vystymosi principų sąsajos, stiprinant institucinę dimensiją, teritorijos darnus vystymasis, vertinant aplinkosaugos, ekonominio ir socialinio vystymosi integruotus indeksus. Išskirti darnaus vystymosi nuostatų įgyvendinimo veiksniai, formuojantys darnios bendruomenės strategijos rengimo kaimiškose vietovėse galimybes. Straipsnio tikslas – išanalizuoti darnaus vystymosi kaimiškosiose savivaldybėse veiksnius ir apibrėžti galimybes jose rengti Darnios bendruomenės strategijas. Tikslo įvykdymui naudojami mokslinės literatūros, dokumentų analizės, sisteminimo, lyginimo, apibendrinimo metodai.Article analyses sustainable development aspects in rural areas; it also deals with aspects of the conception of territorial development of the rural expansion that has been becoming the axis for the sustainable development; institutional development of communities; links between principles of good management and sustainable development with the fortification of the institutional dimension; sustainable development of the territory with assessment of integrated indexes of environmental protection, economic and social development. Factors of implementing provisions of the sustainable development, forming possibilities for the preparation of the Sustainable Community Strategy in rural areas were separated. EU Sustainable Development Strategy states that unevenness of economic - social development of regions as well as increasing differences of the life quality of citizens is one of the greatest obstacles for the sustainable development. Socio economic differences between central and distant rural areas have become more visible during the last decade in Lithuania. New EU conception for the development of rural areas is based on the aim of the sustainable development and cohesion of regions. Each rural area is to use all possibilities of the own original identity for its sustainable development: to cherish the landscape, cultural heritage, to develop various competitive economic non-agricultural activities, to increase the social capital of the community, to become centres of the contemporary production. The main factor of this conception is the transition from the branch or sectorial to territorial, so called – "the place-oriented" approach. Factors for the implementation of provisions of the sustainable development were separated, forming possibilities of preparing the Sustainable Community Strategy in rural areas, the base of which is the territorial approach conception of the rural development: the system of contemporary functions of non-urbanised and half-urbanised areas has been prepared the implementation of which offers the rural areas new forms of the strategic planning, communal features, civics as well as recommends new trends for the development; the sustainable assessment of separate territories of distant municipalities was offered: development of rural areas, competitiveness, aims, tasks, actions and investments of the development are to be determined by the fact what place of residence grange, settlement, town – is to be selected by existing and future residents of the rural area; the model of the sustainable development of workplaces in rural regions has been prepared with the equivalent priority next to the economic activity identified as the development of territories - social activity directed towards the organisation of the occupation, covering the enhancement of the local autonomy (e.g. obligations of the community, responsibility for the quality of the area of residence); institutional development of communities that is one of the main factors for the implementation of principles of the active participation of citizens, partnership and responsibility in rural areas. [...