Ecological construction and synthesis of old building traditions

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama tradicinės ir ekologinės statybos sintezė Lietuvoje, visa tai siejant su įsigaliojusiais ir įsigaliosiančiais naujos statybos reikalavimais. Šiuo metu vis labiau populiarėja ekologijos idėjos, o globalios problemos pasaulyje tapo itin aktualios. Visuotinių su aplinkosauga susijusių problemų sprendimai ir įgyvendinimas vykdomi valstybės lygmeniu, be to, lygiagrečiai su ES reikalavimais, tačiau tradicinė statyba su tokiais reikalavimais mažai siejasi. Tradicinė statyba remiasi natūralių medžiagų panaudojimu, regioninės architektūros savitumais, ilgainiui susiformavusiomis formomis. Ekologinė statyba neapsiriboja tik natūralių medžiagų panaudojimu, bet tradicinė statyba nebeatitinka naujų statybos standartų ir dabartinių žmonių poreikių. Dabartiniai reikalavimai ir dar tik įsigaliosiantys standartai konfrontuoja su statybos tradicijomis, tačiau darnios raidos siekiai neapriboja kultūros ir tradicijų, kurios yra svarbūs socialinio gyvenimo komponentai, taigi, tradicijų tęsimo ir derinimo su visuomenės raida klausimas turėtų būti keliamas viešai.Traditional rural construction is more often becoming the object of museum and architectural researchers’ study, and the new buildings having specific features of ethnographic regions appear almost exclusively in protected areas. Traditional rural building materials and ethnographic forms of such architecture in our day construction were replaced by masonry. Brick buildings today are popular for their material durability, fire resistance and other advantages, and the most popular building material is masonry blocks, although such construction is described as rather lengthy and expensive. Small and medium nobility built wooden buildings on their estate land even to the mid-20th century; the timber was obtained from their lands, thus, so the construction was relatively cheap and convenient, and in rural areas the traditional wooden buildings dominated to the middle of the 20th century. Reducing cost aspect of the buildings is always relevant, so this caused traditional, although alternative construction from clay, straw, and stone. The search for cheaper building material alternatives along with new ecological ideas after the restoration of independence showed the change in attitude to the traditional, natural building materials, and claystraw construction technology was revived. Ecology today is not only a conscious human option, such building ideas are implemented with a sustainable development policy. Implementing this policy, Lithuania undertakes that beginning with December 31, 2020, all new buildings will meet the requirements of the passive house category, but this and other requirements are poorly associated with the traditional house concept, which, perhaps, can be seen as regressive and failing to comply with the requirements of construction. The concept of ecology in society varies very much, so in order to implement environmentally friendly policies in the field of construction and to find common ground with traditional construction, it is necessary to clarify the differences between ecological construction and natural material construction. Despite the requirements in force and the forthcoming requirements, it is impossible to imagine that the traditional construction will not find its niche in the new home building process, so it is vital in due course to pay attention to the possibility of traditional building development, in conformity to requirements, because nothing better will preserve ethnic culture than a continuation of traditions