19 a. Tiškevičių rūmų Vilniuje (Trakų g. 10) interjero sienų tapyba. grunto ir tapybos sluoksnių atpažinimas ir tapybos eksponavimas

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama autentiško sienų tapybos ir grunto sluoksnių atpažinimo problema, iškylanti polichromijos tyrimų bei restauravimo metu. Pavyzdžiu pasirinktas Tiškevičių rūmų Vilniuje (Trakų g. 10) XIX a. tapytas dekoras ir spalvoto grunto sluoksniai. Aptariamos tapybos restauravimo ir išlikusių fragmentų eksponavimo komplikacijos bei nurodomi pasirinkti sprendimo būdai.During the restoration and research of mural painting in the objects of Lithuania’s cultural heritage, restorers often encounter the problem of the existence of multiple layers. Overlapping layers of painting from different periods make us ponder which of them is more valuable and how the earlier layer can be exposed without destroying the later one. Another resulting urgent problem is how not to confuse the coating and the painting layers. In some cases an error made during the polychromic research can result in the loss of some details of the polychromic décor, and in other cases the interior does not reflect the authentic colour design at all. It is often difficult to visually distinguish the coating layer from the painting layer, as the structure of paint was often very similar and even the chosen colours were very close to the painting background or the top layer of wall paint. While analysing this problem, the restoration of mural painting in the building of the Adomas Mickevičius public library in Vilnius (the former Tyszkiewicz Palace) is presented as an example. This house on Trakų Street was rebuilt and reconstructed many times since the 17th century. It contains many examples of painting from different periods. In performing the restoration works, in view of newly uncovered fragments of mural painting, the projects of polychromy restoration works were corrected and supplemented. During the polychromic research the colour design of some rooms was erroneously established, as the coating was confused for the painting layer. During the restoration the painting layers were analysed, and in several rooms unexpected details of impressive 19th century painting were uncovered. Some figurative painting and a magnificent plafond decorated with flower and leaf garlands were uncovered, and in two rooms examples of checked fabric imitation were found. These discoveries not only helped to explain some interior solutions, but also enriched Lithuania’s cultural heritage with preserved examples of 19th century mural painting and polychromic décor