Трансформация профессионально-технического образования в Украине: объективные предпосылки и поиск путей повышения качества образовательных услуг

Стаття присвячена дослідженню трансформації системи професійно-технічної освіти. Досліджено розвиток мережі професійно-технічних навчальних закладів (ПТНЗ) Україні за 1990-2014 рр. та визначено основні проблеми, що призвели до необхідності її оптимізації. На базі аналізу соціологічних опитувань батьків, учнів та керівників ПТНЗ узагальнено мотиваційні настанови у виборі робітничої професії, споживчі очікування та проблеми забезпечення якості освітніх послуг.The article is aimed at investigation of vocational education and training (VET) system transformation. The progress of vocational schools chain is analysed and the main problems led to optimization necessity are defined, in particular, decrease in population demographic basis, loss of vocational education and training prestige, the low level of VET graduators’ job placement, inactivity of educational programs renovation, the weak motivation of VET staff as for advanced training, the low level of stakeholders’ social responsibility, the absence of qualitative competence and qualification monitoring. Based on the analysis of the parents, students and heads of VET survey, motivational arrangements concerning the choice of a trade, consumers’ expectations and problems of educational service quality provision are generalized. The article argues that modern system of VET in Ukraine needs reformatting and modernizing. It is linked with economy and political instability affecting labor market state and resulting in graduators’ job placement possibilities as well as demographic changes in population structure, particularly, its gradual reduction because of untimely death rate, depopulation, ageing and emigration. Moreover, contemporary youngsters’ value interests should be considered, including their focus on gaining higher education that leads to sharp strengthening of trade prestige loss. All the factors mentioned will negatively influence on qualitative labor force structure and result in trade skilled personnel deficiency, which undoubtedly will hamper the development of national economy. The article emphasizes that the main ways to overcome the problems defined should be VET decentralization which will give wider powers to regional stakeholders and encourage flexibility and greater adaptation to changeable market conditions; besides, it willopen up possibilities for enhanced cooperation among all social partners in the sphere of VET contents harmonization concerning the prospective regional economy development, as well as give an incentive to funding sources extension targeted atmaterial and technical basis timely renewal.Статья посвящена исследованию трансформации системы профессионально-технического образования в Украине. Исследовано развитие сети профессионально-технических заведений Украины за 1990-2014 гг., определены основные предпосылки необходимости ее оптимизации. На базе анализа социологических опросов родителей, учащихся и руководителей ПТУ обобщены мотивационные установки в выборе рабочей профессии, потребительские ожидания и проблемы обеспечения качества образовательных услуг