Law as instrumental in money loss prevention and lost money recovery

Straipsnyje aptariamos teisinės technologijos, kiek jos pajėgios garantuoti į ekonominę apyvartą leidžiamos privačios nuosavybės saugumą, skatinti jos kapitalizavimą ir augimą. Šis požiūris padeda atskleisti teisinio mechanizmo problemas, jo tobulinimo kryptis: ne visais atvejais privačių asmenų ir valstybės turtinės teisės ginamos vienodo veiksmingumo teisinėmis priemonėmis, Lietuvoje neveikia valstybės civilinė atsakomybė neteisėtais legislatūros aktais padarius žalą konstitucinėms piliečių teisėms, praktikoje neaiškiai suvokiamas įstatymo neveikimo atgaline data imperatyvas, ginant nuosavybės teisę menkai naudojamasi teisinės valstybės propaguojama teisės viršenybe... Aiškinamasi, kaip šioms ir kitoms teisinio mechanizmo tobulinimo problemoms spręsti gali talkinti verslo ir teisės mokslo bendradarbiavimas, kaip šis bendradarbiavimas galėtų prisidėti, kad politinės technologijos mažiau iškreiptų mokslinių idėjų transformaciją į teisines technologijas. Teisės ir verslo sąveikos problema, manau, verta monografinės studijos. Šiame ribotos apimties straipsnyje bandyta iškelti tik kai kurias teisės ir verslo bendradarbiavimo Lietuvoje problemas, jo galimas kryptis ir padarinius bendrajai pažangai.1. Primacy recognition for human rights and business guaranteeing such rights results in shift of traditional priorities between branches of law: from priority of criminal and administrative law to priority of civil, commerce and international law. 2. Social purpose of jurisprudence is subject to respective corrections: science, which finally does not transform to money - economic power of person's rights implementation, or increase in such power, sooner or later ceases to be a social practical value and finally becomes an illegitimate activity. 3. Increase in person's economic rights importance respectively raises significance of human economic activities, which activities are, first of all, directed towards the needs of expansion and increase of private property. And private property increases in quantity and quality only in case it is not kept in purse but is used in permanent economical turnover instead. The nature of such a turnover is contradictory: the turnover may be the means of private wealth increase as well as means of reduction or even loss of such wealth. Therefore, for development of business it is important not only to transfer knowledge to money, but also to provide for prevention of loss of money "produced" by scientific knowledge and transferred to stock, investment, loans, bank deposits, as well as for means of their prompt and complete recovery in case the money has, nevertheless, been lost. This results in social assignment to the law: to diminish or even eliminate subjective threats to private property caused by economic turnover. 4. Measuring the law with mentioned needs of business difference is made between the legal mechanism-instrumentary as system of legal techniques existing in practice, and science of law as system of human rights projects, since law significance to business protection and development is different in the said two aspects. 5. The existing legal techniques are not always sufficient to ensure implementation of creditor's right to promptly recover his money from other person's unlawful possession, or to recover the money altogether, or to implement creditor's right to indemnification. The interests of private business and those of the state are protected by legal techniques different in efficiency: creditor's right to the debt recovery is guaranteed by debtor's property only, while performance of state debtor's obligation is also ensured by measure directed towards the person of the debtor himself (Code of Administrative Transgressions, Art. 314, Part 4, Criminal Code Art. 47 Parts 6 and 7, Art. 49 Part 3). This inequality in legal status in legalized by the state legislation but is not legalized by science of law, since the latter gives priority not to the state legislation but to the law itself, as to value that is more fundamental and possesses more equity. 6. Citizen's rights to indemnification of losses caused by anti-constitutional acts of legislaton, currently are not implemented in Lithuania, while they are protected by legislative mechanism only. 7. Ideas of law are transformed to legal techniques not directly, but through mediation of political technologies (the will of the legislator). Therefore it is important to ensure the law ideas' support by businessmen as social force capable of removing the obstacles by which political technologies often block transformation of law ideas to legal techniques efficiently protecting human rights. 8. Science of law may be treated as a kind of reconnaissance function in business development, by which business acting in competitive environment, is capable to constantly reconnoiter future conditions for future safe and profitable operation, timely forecast possible threats, and take measures to remove or alleviate them. Close co-operation between business and science of law is not only mutually beneficial, it is also beneficial to the state