The recularities of legal relations between the parties of the credit agreement.

The problems analysed in the article are connected to the legal relations between the parties of the credit agreement as well as the problems of their regulation. The article analyses in detail legal relations between the buyer and the beneficiary, the issuing bank and the advising bank as well as other legal relations that may occur on the grounds of the credit agreement. After examining foreign literature, as well as analysing the laws of the Republic of Lithuania regulating the payments by a letter of credit and opposing them to the traditions and rules applied in the international practice of banks, a suggestion is put forward of how legal relations arising on the grounds of a credit agreement should be regulated. After the analysis of the above-mentioned problems, the author makes the following conclusions. It is recommended to establish a term on the opening of the letter of credit, as an obligatory condition of a transaction. According to the author, it is useful to foresee specific conditions for the buyer’s overdue opening of the letter of credit. It is suggested for the buyer to grant a right to control of how the bank is meeting the conditions of the credit agreement. A buyer might refuse to pay the bills in the period of four working days after he/she has received the documents paid according to the letter of credit, if the advising bank had breached at least one condition when paying the money to the seller. If in the time of inspection it would come out that the refusal to pay the bills was grounded, the bank would be obliged to return the sum of money to the account of the buyer. A rule like this would enhance the buyer’s control in respect of the advising bank, and at the same time would increase its responsibility to properly carry out the credit order by a letter of credit and this form of payment would become more attractive to the potential clients. It has been established that the legal nature of the relation between the issuing bank and the advising bank should be considered as the debt transfer. In the author’s point of view, it would be purposeful to give the issuing bank a possibility to ensure a right to check the payer’s financial standing to pay the expenditure of the advising bank with the mediation of the issuing bank, by transferring the additional sum of money to the buyer’s account in the issuing bank. It is recommended to establish a direct responsibility of the issuing bank to the beneficiary and to supplement part 2 of article 6.940 of the existing Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania. According to the author, it would be purposeful to foresee a preventive measure applied by the advising bank that would assist in carrying out the control of payer’s actions.Straipsnyje analizuojamos problemos, susijusios su akredityvo sutarties dalyvių teisiniais tarpusavio santykiais bei jų reguliavimu. Straipsnyje siūlomi tam tikri nauji akredityvo sutarties dalyvių atsakomybės teisinio reguliavimo sistemos kūrimo ir tobulinimo principai. Autorė siūlo atskirti atsakomybės atsiradimo pagrindus ir rekomenduoja atsakomybės atsiradimo pagrindu laikyti ir pažeidimus, atsiradusius neįvykdžius ar netinkamai įvykdžius pagrindinę sutartį, ir pažeidimus, susijusius su akredityvo sutarties, kurios įvykdymą reglamentuoja banko sąskaitos sutartis, neįvykdymu ar netinkamu įvykdymu. Taip pat straipsnyje detaliai nagrinėjami teisiniai santykiai tarp mokėtojo ir lėšų gavėjo, banko emitento ir vykdančiojo banko bei kiti teisiniai santykiai, kurie gali atsirasti akredityvo sutarties pagrindu. Nagrinėjant užsienio valstybių autorių literatūroje pateiktas nuomones bei analizuojant Lietuvos Respublikos įstatymus, reglamentuojančius atsiskaitymus akredityvais, taip pat lyginant juos su pasaulinėje bankų veiklos praktikoje taikomais tarptautiniai