Infix and sta-stem denominative verbs as a Lithuanian innovation

Straipsnyje aptariami lietuvių kalbos intarpiniai ir sta-kamieniai veiksmažodžiai - vediniai iš būdvardžių ir daiktavardžių. Nustatoma jų chronologija, semantikos, morfologinės ir morfonologinės struktūros ypatumai. Šių veiksmažodžių reiškiamas procesas ar būsena apibūdinama jų pamatu einančio vardažodžio, tačiau darybos kryptis ne visada aiški, dėl to remiamasi įvairiais papildomais - dažnumo, kiekybiniu, opozicijos narių darumo - kriterijais, naudojamas istorinis lyginamasis metodas.In the Lithuanian language 215 derivational oppositions of the infix rcsp. 5/a-stcm verbs and nouns have been recorded (šlapti: šlapias, bukli: bukas, akli: akis, -basti: badas etc.). In the Latvian language, there are only 21 analogous derivational pairs, in the Old Prussian - none. This fact witnesses the formation period of the denominatives, especially in the Lithuanian language. Derivation from adjectives is very productive (137 derivational oppositions), there are significantly fewer derivatives from substantives in Lithuanian. Deadjectives are the richest layer of derivatives in the Lithuanian language, in the Latvian, only 18 derivational pairs have been found. The majority of them have a long root (a long vowel or dipfthong). Desubstantives are almost exclusively Lithuanian derivates, in Latvian there are only 3 derivate verbs. These desubstantives have a long root, too, and they belong to a later layer in the Lithuanian language. This type of derivation was productive at a certain period of Lithuanian language formation, esp. in the case of borrowings, as well as: slabti: slabnas, glušti: glušas, dykti: dykas. Thus, the infix and sta-stem verb denominatives, esp. desubstantives, are a Lithuanian innovation. This derivation was very productive at a certain period, now we have another type of derivation - suffixal derivation with the same cathegorical meaning of a spontaneous action, cf.: mažėti : mažas, sunkėti : sunkus, draugauti: draugas