Švietimo idėjų raida XIX a. pabaigoje - XX a. pradžioje

The article provides a brief reference pertaining to education development of the Lithuanian nation during specific epochs. It compares variation of social, economic, political, and cultural conditions. It also underlines education phenomenon in its historic evolution with special emphasis on development of pedagogical idea in an informal system of education during specifically discussed periods: 1) since the middle of the 19th century to publication of newspaper Aušra; 2) since the beginning of revival of the Lithuanian nation in the end of the 19th century until abolishment of prohibition for printing in the traditional alphabet in 1904; 3) since the beginning of revolution in 1905 until restoration of Lithuanian independence on 16 February 1918. The education peculiarities are revealed depending on the aforementioned periods: 1. The first period of the epoch is characterized by repressive authorities of the Tsar that delivered the policy of Russification and conversion to the Orthodox faith, which stimulated the national movement of Lithuanians, birth of illegal Lithuanian press, and versatile activity of headmasters “daraktoriai” and book-smugglers “knygnešiai“. 2. During the second period of the epoch, the action taken by the authority of the Tsar stimulated further development of illegal Lithuanian press, which is the key element of a secret school. 3. After the authorities of the Tsar abolished the prohibition for printing in the traditional alphabet, the key principles of the Lithuanian national school become especially accentuated during the third period and until the restoration of independence, i.e. to strive for teaching in Lithuanian and introduce mandatory primary schooling