The Emerging aspects of children's social and educational problems in the new members states EU

Kalbant apie vaikų, kurie patyrė tėvų migraciją socioedukacines problemas, trūksta teorinio pagrindo. Galima remtis lietuvių atliktais tyrimais, kurie daugiausia pabrėžia ekonominius ir demografinius migracijos aspektus, o ne šeimos transformaciją. Šiame straipsnyje yra remiamasi nedidelio kokybinio tyrimo, atlikto Lietuvoje, rezultatais. Teigiama, kad XX a. reikšmingai pasikeitė šeimos institucija bei tradicijos. Analizuojamos migracijos tendencijos ir klausiama, kaip tai gali paveikti vaikų socioedukacinį prisitaikymą. Tyrimo tikslais apklausti 5 respondentai, atrinkti pagal tam tikrus kriterijus. Atliktas giluminis interviu ir taikyta kokybinė turinio analizė. Atlikto tyrimo rezultatai atskleidžia, kad vaikai, kurių tėvai išvykę iš Lietuvos, patiria įvairius sunkumus. Visų pirma, jie patiria mišrius kaltės, liūdesio, vienatvės, pykčio ir baimės jausmus, kurie gali kelti psichikos ir socialinio prisitaikymo sunkumus. Jiems trūksta fizinio tėvų buvimo šalia, bendravimo, dėmesio ir kontrolės, o tai veikia vaikų santykį su aplinka, neigiamus elgesio pasikeitimus ir prastus mokymosi rezultatus. Vaikas lieka apleistas pedagogiškai, nes tėvai nesidomi vaiko pasiekimais ir sunkumais mokykloje, nekontroliuoja jo elgesio ir nepadeda jam spręsti problemų. Tėvų pavyzdys formuoja iškreiptą šeimos santykių vaizdinė ir taip pat požiūrį, kad darbas ir materialinės vertybės yra svarbesnės nei šeima. Tai gali lemti vaiko vėlesnio gyvenimo sunkumus.When discussing the socio-educational problems of children, who experience their parents’ migration, certain theoretical grounds are lacked. One can base his conclusions by the studies, performed by Lithuanians, which most frequently emphasize the economic and demographic aspects of migration, rather than the transformation of the family. The present article is based by the results of a small quality study, performed in Lithuania. It is stated that in the 20th century there were significant changes in the institution and tradition of the family. The trends of migration are analyzed and the question is asked how it could influence the socio-educational adaptation of children. For the purposes of the study five respondents, selected according to certain criteria, were surveyed. In-depth interviews were performed and quality analysis of content was applied. The results of the performed survey reveal that the children, whose parents leave Lithuania, experience different difficulties. First of all they experience mixed feelings of guilt, sadness, loneliness, anger and fear, which may result in psychical and social adaptation difficulties. The children lack the physical nearness of parents, communication, attention and control, which affects the children’s relation with the environment, brings negative changes in the behaviour and poor school grades. The child is abandoned psychologically, since the parents do not take interest in his achievements and difficulties at school, do not control his behaviour and do not help him to resolve his problems. The parents’ example shapes a twisted image of the relations within the family and nurtures the attitude that labour and material values are more important than the family, which may result in difficulties in the later life of the child