Energy potential of cereals crop in Middle Lithuania

Didėjantis atsinaujinančių energijos šaltinių poreikis verčia atidžiau pažvelgti į žemės ūkio galimybes. Vidurio Lietuvos lygumose plytinčiuose derlingiausiuose Lietuvos dirvožemiuose yra didžiausios galimybės sėkmingai išnaudoti javų potencialą ne tik maisto bei pašarų pramonei, bet ir atsinaujinančios energetikos šaltiniams sukurti. Žemės ūkio produktų, ypač javų, panaudojimas atsinaujinančiai energetikai gali atverti naujas žemės ūkio, perdirbimo pramonės bei eksporto galimybes.Fossil fuels - oil, coal, and natural gas - dominate the world energy economy, covering more than 80% of the totai primary energy supply. Commitments to decreasing greenhouse gas emission, desire to secure and diversify the supply of energy and uncertainties related to oil price are rendering various biomass types more interesting fuels in industrialized countries, and the modern use of biomass is inereasing rapidly in many parts of the world. Lithuania has a goal to reach 23% of all energy will be make from renewable resources in 2020. In nowadays the bigger part of renewable energy are make from wood and wood wastes. To reach the goal of 2020 will be necessary to use the potential of agriculture. The middle plane of Lithuania is the area of the most suitable lands for agriculture. The data of Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania about the produetiviry of yield of cereal crops at the farms at Lithuania shows that the produetiviry of winter wheat is more than 4 Mg ha1. The produetivity of triticale is about 3 Mg ha1. The yield of grain of winter wheat and triticale are inereasing during the last three years. The results of Lithuanian statė plant varieties testing center showed that the potential of yield of winter wheat and triticale could reach higher produetiviry in the middle plane of Lithuania. The hypothesis and calculations that only third part of all winter wheat and triticale grain yield could be used for renewable energy showed 174 000 Mg and 50 000 Mg yield of bioethanol produetiviry. The other part of energy could be received from straw. The intensity of agriculture could be three levels - conventional, sustainable and organic. The yield of cereals depends from intensity of agriculture. The results of field experiments at Valinava showed the similar energy value of biomass of spring barley affected by conventional and sustainable agriculture. The energy of winter wheat biomass is more than spring barley biomass. The earbon amount is 56-57% in the biomass of spring barley and winter wheat affected by all three level of agriculture intensity. It is possibilities get energy 120 GJ ha"1 from earbon of spring barley biomass grown in organic agriculture. The energy from winter wheat is bigger in organic agriculture - from 216 GJ ha"' to 243 GJ ha"1. The energy of spring barley biomass in conventional agriculture is more than 230 GJ haA and more than 400 GJ ha~l of biomass of winter wheat. The data in literature gives one tone of biomass could generate 10-17 GJ of energy. This range make difficult calculation amount of energy of biomass. The output of energy, the balanee of earbon dockside sets the option of crops growing and intensity for bioenergy