Compensation for damage made by public administration

Straipsnyje analizuojami kai kurie procesiniai viešojo administravimo subjektų veiksmų pripažinimo neteisėtais žalos atlyginimo bylose klausimai. Nagrinėjamas atskiro reikalavimo pripažinti veiksmų neteisėtumą reikalingumas, Administracinių bylų teisenos įstatyme nustatytų skundo padavimo terminų ir Civiliniame kodekse nustatytų ieškinio senaties terminų santykis ir taikymo problema, problemos, kylančios teismams atlyginant žalą, padarytą skiriant administracines nuobaudas.The necessary condition to compensate the damage made by the public administration is unlawful actions of the public administration. The commentary of the civil code of the Republic of Lithuania indicates that illegality of an action has to be established within the procedure specified by law. Considering the principle of concentration and the fact that administrative courts deals with the claims for the compensation of damage, it is appropriate not to require a separate claim for the actions of public administration. However the problem of terms arises when both the question of illegality of an administrative act and the question of the compensation are examined in the same case. The case law of administrative courts differs: in some cases courts refuse compensation if the administrative act has not been challenged within the terms specified by Law on administrative proceedings. In other compensation of damage cases courts examine the question of illegality even if the act has not been challenged within the established terms, as the civil code establishes prescription that is applied to claims for the compensation of damage. Although there is an opinion that the latter practice is too liberal and should be applied only in exceptional cases, the author suggests estimate the claim for declaration of an act as unlawful and the claim for the compensation of damage as two different ways of protecting one's rights. Therefore the question of illegality of an act in the cases of the compensation for damage should be examined even if the terms established by Law on administrative proceedings are missed, but in that case the act should not be declared void. The case law of administrative courts in the cases of compensation for damage made by imposing administrative sanctions is compared with the case law of courts of general jurisdiction. These courts hear some cases o f compensation for damage made in administrative procedure, as well as cases of compensation for damage made in criminal cases. The case law differs: administrative courts refuse compensation if the procedural actions were not examined by special procedure while courts of general jurisdiction investigate such actions even if they were examined and declared as lawful before