Spread of romanticism in the projects for Lithuanian estates by the architect Tomas Tišeckis

Straipsnyje nagrinėjami autorės naujai išaiškinti architekto Tomo Tišeckio projektai, skirti Astravo, Baisogalos, Raguvėlės, Panemunio ir kitiems dvarams. Dvarų rūmuose ir pagalbiniuose pastatuose architektas taikė romantinio klasicizmo, baroko, „itališkų vilų stiliaus”, „gothic revival” stilistiką, o naudodamas akmens mūro ir medžio elementus siekė suteikti dvarų pastatams vietinį charakterį. Straipsnyje pristatyti objektai leidžia laikyti šį architektą produktyviausiu ir ryškiausiu Lietuvos romantizmo atstovu.Tomas Tišeckis, a graduate o f Vilnius University and a student of Professor Karolis Podčašinskis, is known as the author of a few churches and chapels within the period of Romanticism. There has been an assumption, although one not founded on documentary evidence, that he designed the palace of Tiškevičiai in Astravas near Biržai. Architectural designs found and identified by the author of this article in the archive of Vilnius University confirm the fact that Tomas Tišeckis designed not only the palace of Astravas, but also many other buildings in various Lithuanian estates. We can today, without any doubt, assign to him the three prominent palaces of Astravas (1840), Baisogala and Panemunis (between 1833 and 1847). It also emerged that T. Tišeckis is the architect of the stud farm in Astravas (1845), the granaries in Raguvėlė, the green-house in Baisogala (1833), as well as the icehouse of Panemunis. According to stylistic likeness, his hand may be attributed to many farm buildings created in these four farmsteads. There is an indeclinable assumption that the farmsteads of Baisogala, Asttavas, Raguvėlė, Panemuni estates were planned together with the landscape parks. Aiming for a pictorial effect, the architect would complement the composition of the palace with neogothic greenhouses, he would also design separately placed small towers, smart icehouses and probably small bridges. In the residences of Jonas Tiškevičius and Juozapas Komaras (Astravas, Baisogala, Panemunis), which are representative of the architect's style, he used the shapes of romantic classicism, whose interpretation was influenced by the "style of Italian villas". Although the author put an emphasis on the usual axial composition, he did not avoid the elements of asymmetrical plan and size. The shapes of romantic classicism and the baroque were applied for the granaries of Raguvėlė and the stud farm of Astravas. In the works of his late period, attention was increasingly given to decorative gothic shapes (the farm buildings in Raguvėlė, the project of Čiapskis' house and the icehouse in Narucevičiai, which date between the years of 1856-1860). Local materials like stone and wood were blended with stylistic elements characteristic of romanticism (the granary of Daugirdiškiai, 1857, the farmstead of Panemunis). The architectural designs created by Tomas Tišeckis for the farmsteads of the estates would appear to support a strong argument for the consideration of this architect as the most productive and creative representative of romanticism in Lithuania. These projects reveal the innovative features of his work; features that display both links to the common tendencies of Romanticism and an individual search for a more localized architectural expression