Conceptual metaphor SADNESS - DIRECTION DOWN in the world-view of the lithuanian languages

Straipsnyje aptariamas vienas iš būdų liūdesio emocinėms būsenoms lietuvių kalbos pasaulėvaizdyje nusakyti – konceptualioji metafora LIŪDESYS yra KRYPTIS ŽEMYN. Toks emocinės būsenos traktavimas labiausiai pagrįstas žmogaus fizine patirtimi. Tekste metafora LIŪDESYS yra KRYPTIS ŽEMYN eksplikuojama remiantis emocinės būsenos apibūdinimais, tapatinančiais ją su atitinkamais objektais, kurių esminis bruožas – orientacija žemyn ir gilumas. Siejant emocijas su kuria nors erdvine orientacija – aukštyn arba žemyn – visų pirma nurodomas jų vertinimas. Kritimas, kryptis žemyn siejami su prasta nuotaika, baime, ligomis, mirtimi – visu tuo, kas yra blogiausia, vadinasi, ir vertinama neigiamai. Taigi lietuvių kalbos pasaulėvaizdyje konceptualioji metafora EMOCINĖ LIŪDESYS yra KRYPTIS ŽEMYN paremta tokiomis analogijomis: kryptis žemyn pasirenkama spontaniškai, liūdesio emocinių būsenų patyrėjas pats nepasirenka; su liūdesio emocinėmis būsenomis siejama fizinė patirtis koreliuoja su kryptimi žemyn, gilumu.In the present paper an attempt has been made to discuss one of the ways through which to reveal emotional states of sadness in the worldview of the Lithuanian language – conceptual metaphors SADNESS is DIRECTION DOWN. Such interpretation of emotional state is based on man’s physical experience. In the text, the metaphor SADNESS is DIRECTION DOWN is explained referring to descriptions of emotional state, that associate the metaphor with corresponding objects. The main feature of such objects is the direction down as well as the depth. While linking emotions with one of spatial orientations – up or down – first of all their evaluation is revealed. Falling down, the direction down is associated with a bad mood, fear, diseases, death, i.e., with everything that is the worst. Consequently, it is evaluated negatively. Such descriptions also show that the emotional state, which is impossible to control, is strong and it creates a negative influence. In the worldview of the Lithuanian language, the conceptual metaphor SADNESS is DIRECTION DOWN is based on the following analogies: - direction down occurs spontaneously. This is the consequence of sudden movements, often performed against the subject’s will. The experiencer does not choose sadness him or herself, this is determined by the definite circumstances; - physical experience which is linked with emotional states of sadness correlates with direction down, and depth