Europeanisation of national animal welfare law means the impact of European Union (EU) law and the law of the European Council on national animal welfare law. Various law acts that are dedicated to animal welfare operate at the EU level as well on an interna-tional level. Although both jurisdictions are based on the ethical understanding of animal welfare, they also pursue economic objectives. This is the reason why they usually adopt only minimum standards. However, Member States and States Parties may adopt higher animal welfare standards. The degree of the Europeanisation varies between the EU and the European Council and there are a number of binding regulations and recommendations. This, however, should not disguise the fact that in a ...