Educational Freedom and Control in I. L. Kandel : Devising Process and Theoretical Structure of Division Theory

The theory of division between interna and externa of education was stated by W.F.Russell in July, 1929. After that Kandel began to insist the division theory. But there was a serious difference between Russell\u27s and Kandel\u27s theories. Russell\u27s was based on local initiative in interna, namely spiritual formation. Kandel\u27s was based not only on local initiative in national culture, but also on professionality of teachers. From 1910 Kandel\u27s main concern had been conversion of teaching into profession. Basic principles of Kandel\u27s division theory was drawn from the statement of Lord Percy, the president of the Board of Education in 1927 and the official proposals about Prussian education after World War I