Efecto de una intervención para prevenir el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes de escuelas secundarias de Monterrey, México

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational prevention program of tobacco and alcohol consumption in a sample of 134 students as experimental group and 104 students as control group. The hypotheses were: If after the intervention:H1 the self-esteem will be bigger in the experimental group than the control group.H2 the self-efficacy will be bigger in the experimental group than the control group.H3 the tobaco and alcohol consumption will be lesser in the experimental group than the control group.MethodologyQuasi experimental design, the study was realized in series of time, with measurments before and after the program. The program was in teenagers who were first year at public junior high school (2 groups) and a private junior high school (2 groups). The schools were selected of random form. The sampling was not probabilistic, because the intervention was applied in all students of the first years of selected junior high schools. Twelve sessions were carried-out, measurements of variables results before and after the intervention were realized. At the end of intervention the proportion of tabacco and alcohol consumption was lessen in experimental groups. The self-esteem and self-efficacy index showed differences of significant measurements between experimental and control group where the experimental group presented higher means and averages.El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa de prevención de conusmo de tabaco y alcohol en una muestra de 134 estudiantes como grupo experimental y 104 estudiantes como grupo de control. Las hipótesis de investigación fueron: Si después de la intervención, H1 La autoestima será mayor en el grupo experimental que en el grupo de control, H2 La autoeficacia será mayor en el grupo experimental que en el grupo de control, H3 El consumo de tabaco y alcohol será menor en el grupo experimental que el grupo de control. Metodología: Diseño casi experimental, la intervención se realizó en series de tiempo, con mediciones antes y después de la intervención. La intervención se llevó a cabo en adolescentes que cursan el primer año de educación media de una secundaria pública (2 grupos) y una secundaria privada (2 grupos). Las escuelas fueron seleccionadas de forma aleatoria. El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia, ya que la intervención se aplicó en todos los estudiantes de primer grado de los grupos de las secundarias seleccionadas aleatoriamente. Se llevaron a cabo doce sesiones. Al final de la intervención, la población del consumo de tabaco y alcohol fue menor en los grupos experimentales, el índice de autoestima y autoeficacia presentó diferencia de medidas significativa entre el grupo experimental y el de control, donde el grupo experimental presentó medias y medianas más altas de autoestima y autoeficacia que el grupo de control. ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational prevention program of tobacco and alcohol consumption in a sample of 134 students as experimental group and 104 students as control group. The hypotheses were: If after the intervention:H1 the self-esteem will be bigger in the experimental group than the control group.H2 the self-efficacy will be bigger in the experimental group than the control group.H3 the tobaco and alcohol consumption will be lesser in the experimental group than the control group.MethodologyQuasi experimental design, the study was realized in series of time, with measurments before and after the program. The program was in teenagers who were first year at public junior high school (2 groups) and a private junior high school (2 groups). The schools were selected of random form. The sampling was not probabilistic, because the intervention was applied in all students of the first years of selected junior high schools. Twelve sessions were carried-out, measurements of variables results before and after the intervention were realized. At the end of intervention the proportion of tabacco and alcohol consumption was lessen in experimental groups. The self-esteem and self-efficacy index showed differences of significant measurements between experimental and control group where the experimental group presented higher means and averages