The International Norms Making Process and New Intervention

冷戦の終結後,国際干渉を正当化する国際規範が確立された.そもそも冷戦期には,国際人権規範が確立されていたが,実際には,多くの国でその規範は履行されず,受容されなかった.それは,内政不干渉規範を優先するような国際政治状況があったからである.ところが冷戦が終結すると,国内統治の在り方を問い,途上国への民主化支援,予防外交,人道的干渉,紛争後平和構築,グッドガヴァナンス促進に向けた干渉など,国際干渉かにわかに始まる.その背景には,旧来の国際規範の変容または組み替え,それに新たな平和・安全保障観の形成がある.国連と欧州安全保障協力機構(OSCE)を中心に,民主主義および法の支配の実現を国際規範化する動きが生じて,またグッドガヴァナンスを国家基準とする動きが生じ,そして民主主義や人権尊重を国際平和・国際安全保障の条件とするような新しい国際平和・安全保障観が主として欧州で形成された.こうした国際規範および国際安全保障観に基づいて国際干渉が正当化されるようになる.It was the non-intervention norm and self-determination norm that shaped the international order during the Cold War era. With the end of the Cold War, however, the international society has begun new intervention in the internal affairs of the ""New Democracies"" and developing countries. The UN and regional international organizations such as the OSCE and EU have taken initiatives in the new interventions such as preventive diplomacy, post-conflict peace building, election observation, and democratic assistance. More countries began to adopt new norms more rapidly even without pressure for such change. Behind such new phenomenon are new international norms such as democracy and rule of law, and these norms are beginning to be seen as the sine qua non for validating governance. Further more democracy has begun to be seen as the condition of international peace and security, and thus the international intervention has become more based on the legitimate international norms