Mobility and Networks surrounding Kamaishi-city (<Featured Theme>Rise and Stabilization of a Local Company Town : Essays from the Joint Research Project on Kamaishi City)

希望学釜石調査では, 現在釜石市の外に住む人も含む, 戦後に釜石市内の4高校を卒業した人を対象とした「同窓会調査」と, 釜石市内居住者を対象とした「市民意識調査」の2つの調査を, およそ1年の間に行った. 両調査を組み合わせることで, 釜石に継続的に住んできた人のみならず, 高校時は釜石にいたが現在は釜石の外に住む人, 高校以降に釜石に転入してきた人を把握することができる. 釜石を構成してきた様々なグループの検討からは, 釜石製鉄所の縮小期以降は一旦は釜石を出ることが大多数の人の経験となったこと, またその中でも若い世代になるほどUターン者の比率が増加していることがわかった. また, 近隣市町村から職を求めて, または結婚で転入してきた人が多かった時代から, 若い世代ではむしろ公務員や転勤者がより広い範囲から転入してくる町へ変化したことが見えてきた. そして, 釜石在住者の地域団体・行事への積極的参加率では, 釜石出身者と転入者で大きな差はなく, 属性にかかわらず積極的参加層は希望や誇りを持つ比率が高いこと, そして積極的参加はUターン者・転入者が釜石への誇りを持つ率を一層高めることがわかった. これらの結果からは, 釜石市は, 人口に占める地元出身者の比率が高まり, 企業城下町としての性格も薄まりつつある一方で, 転入者やUターン者を受け入れる開放性という別の形で, 外への回路を持つ都市として描写できる可能性を見出だせよう.As a part of Kamaishi Hope Study, two surveys were conducted within a year. One was a survey on Kamaishi residents, and the other was an "Alumni Survey" on Kamaishi\u27s 4 high schools\u27graduates, including those currently living outside the city. By combining two surveys, it was made possible to cover not only those who have never lived outside Kamaishi, but also those who lived there in their high school days and now live outside, and those who moved into Kamaishi after graduating from high schools. Along with the fact that leaving Kamaishi after high school has become majority\u27s life course, we found that the ratio of U-turn behavior is increasing in younger generations. We have also found that both Kamaishi natives and migrants are equally active in participating in local groups and events, and active participation particularly increases the ratio to be proud of Kamaishi among returnees and migrants. Kamaishi\u27s characteristics as company town have weakened nowadays and the natives\u27ratio in its population has increased. However, through its openness to returnees and migrants, Kamaishi still has good chances to be described as a city rich in outward contacts