This paper investigates the development of security cooperation within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO) framework and deals with the problem of the capacity of the SCO and the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO RATS). The main threats for security in Central Asia that acts as an important buffer zone for China and Russia highlighted the threat of terrorism, extremism and separatism, or "the three evil forces" as they are called in the Organization. Analysis of this issue also includes a description of terrorist and extremist organisations, which are the most influential in Central Asia at the moment. In addition, the author analyses the progress and problems that the SCO faces in the re...