Dynamic Changes in International Specialization of Food Manufacturing Industry

近年、世界の食料品製造業および経済全体の健全な発展を推し進めるために、国際的な貿易・投資交渉（TPP など）が進展している。一方、2000年代以降の中国のWTO への加盟、及び地域内外の新興国の急速な経済成長にともない、東アジアにおける食料品製造業の国際分業関係はダイナミックに変化している。本研究の目的は、地域間・国際間・産業間の貿易構造の分析を通じて、食料品製造業の国際分業の実態とその変化のメカニズムを明らかにすることである。また、上記の分析を踏まえて、日本の食料産業の持続的な発展に向けた政策的含意を導出する。There has been a tremendous advance in the negotiations of international trade and investments in order to promote the development of world economy since 2000. However, studies on the changes in the international specialization along with the rapid growth of new emerging economies are insufficient, especially for food manufacturing industry. Therefore, the objectives of our study are to understand the actual situation of the international specialization of food manufacturing and to clarify the mechanism of its change in the structures of trade since the 21st century. The following results are obtained from our empirical analysis.First, the patterns of international specialization in East Asia’s food manufacturing industry have been changed in two broad ways since 2000, one is corresponded by China for intra-industry trade and the other is corresponded by Japan, South Korea and Taiwan for the inter-industry trade. Secondly, against the backdrop of its domestic economic growth, China’s food manufacturing is growing and its intra-industry trade is advancing with countries both inside and outside of East Asia. Thirdly, the pattern of FDI from Japanese food manufacturing has given a negative impact on the international specialization in East Asia, with a strong characteristic of one-way trade, competitive-relations with other countries. Based on the above analytical results, a policy implication is drawn for Japanese food manufacturing sector to realize a sustainable development by building a food system which is mutually complementary in international specialization through two-way trade with the countries in East Asia, particularly with China