Spiranthes sinensis, a terrestrial orchid, has morphological and ecological variations such as plant size, flowering season, floral colour, and hair density on the inflorescence stems and ovaries. Spiranthes sinensis var. amoena has been described as having puberulous inflorescence stems and ovaries, while these in S. sinensisvar. sinensis are considered to be glabrous. In Japan, S. sinensis var. amoena grows on a wide area of the mainland (the Northern Ryukyus and northward). By contrast, the distribution of S. sinensis var. sinensis is limited to the Central and Southern Ryukyus. We found a glabrous individual of S. sinensis in Kochi Prefecture, Japan, which has identical DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclea...