Targeting inflammatory cytokines-androgen receptor (AR) signaling with ASC-J9® to better battle prostate cancer progression

Inflammatory cytokines and chemokines released by macrophages in the prostate cancer microenvironment may signal via the androgen receptor (AR ) to influence tumor progression. In particular, macrophages appear to promote tumorigenesis by altering the chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 (CCL4)/AR signaling axis. This process can be blocked by AS C-J9®, an enhancer of AR degradation. AS C-J9® also inhibits the CCL2-dependent, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-mediated pro-metastatic signaling cascade that is generally activated by androgen deprivation therapy. Thus, targeting inflammatory cytokines signaling via the AR , with AS C-J9®, represents a promising therapeutic approach against prostate cancer progression. © 2013 Landes Bioscience