After a brief description of the initial development of Venezuela’s crude oil industry, this paper examines the impact the 1932 US tariff on crude oil imports had on the country. The US tariff on crude oil imports stabilised domestic crude oil prices but prevented consumers from benefiting from lower prices in refined petroleum products. The large US international integrated crude oil companies gained from higher crude oil prices for their domestic production while supplying their European markets with mostly cheap crude oil from their newly developed Venezuelan oilfields. The tariff increased the Venezuelan oil industry’s vulnerability to international events because it narrowed the competitive edge it had over domestic US crude ...