Processes constitute our complex reality : a theoretical investigation

Processes constitute our complex reality. Whether we are concerned with the reactions of molecules in chemical substances, the co-existence of living organisms in ecological ensembles, or the behaviour of human beings in social groups: We are concerned with complex phenomena. A complex formation can be represented as a system which is composed of many elements interacting with one another. Self-organising systems occupy a key position in our understanding of complex structures. The actual complexity research prefers the method of cellular automata(artificial life, artificial society). Simulation models were developed which allow, to create ordered structures out of a disordered quantity of elements (emergence). But until now, these models could not explain permanent self-organising systems based on division of labour. These systems are constituted by information and energy flows, and these form the processes, which maintain or alter the systems. With this in mind, the intention of this treatise is to indicate - from a social geographic point of view - a feasible path to be taken. In the model presented here, closer attention is given to the progress in time, i.e. the processes. They are linked with one another temporally, hierarchically and spatially. They divide themselves into materially (thematically) different stages in the course of their development, i.e. they form sequences. The most important aim of my endeavours is to establish the rules according to which this takes place and to identify the archetypes of complex processes and systems. The considerations are based mainly on the empirical and theoretical studies undertaken by the author in the field of historical and social geography over the past four decades