Stigma, perceived control and health-related quality of life for individuals experiencing Parkinson’s disease

This thesis examined the relationship between stigma and factors of psychological wellbeing for individuals with neurodegenerative motor conditions. Section 1 describes a systematic literature review of quantitative correlates of stigma for individuals with neurodegenerative conditions, which result in visible motor differences. Five electronic databases were searched (PsycINFO, Academic Scholar Complete, CINAHL, AMED and SCOPUS) on the 17th November 2017 to identify relevant literature. Free word searches relating to stigma and the neurodegenerative conditions of Parkinson’s disease (PD), motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease and multiple sclerosis were conducted. The findings indicate that stigma is related to condition severity, psychological factors, and perceptions of health-related quality of life. Future research should statistically examine the role between stigma and demographic, social and clinical variables using more complex models to determine if bidirectional relationships exist. By furthering our understanding of the relationships between stigma and these variables, clinical practice can be enhanced at an individual and community level. Section 2 describes a study examining if the perception of control mediates the relationship between stigma and health-related quality of life and aspects of psychological wellbeing, for individuals with PD. Individuals were invited to take part in a survey online, or in a paper format on request. Data were then analysed using mediational regression models. The findings from this sample indicated that control mediates the relationship between stigma and health-related quality of life, depression and positive affect. These findings suggest that control may be an important factor to consider when developing interventions that are designed to reduce stigma or increase wellbeing. Section 3 presents a critical appraisal of the research project, including its development and a detailed discussion of strengths and limitations and personal reflections