This thesis reports on theory and results from two experiments related to nonlinear behaviour in ensembles of optically-trapped ultracold atoms. The first experiment, performed at ICFO in Barcelona, regards the prediction and measurement of strong ac Stark shifts (light shifts). We present a numerical method based on Floquet's theorem for calculating light shifts to all orders with fewer approximations than the usual calculation based on second-order perturbation theory. The method is experimentally validated by performing absorption spectroscopy of a optically-trapped cloud of cold 87Rb atoms in three scenarios. 1) The atoms are trapped in a singly-polarised monochromatic dipole trap with a wavelength detuned aprox 30nm from the nearest ...