Pediatr Diabetes

Objective:We investigated the association between maternal use of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) supplements during pregnancy and risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) in the offspring.Methods:The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study is prospectively following 8676 children with increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes in Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the US. Blood samples were collected every 3 months between 3 and 48 months of age then every 6 months thereafter to determine persistent IA. Duration, frequency, and supplement dose during pregnancy were recalled by mothers at 3\u20134 months postpartum. Cumulative intakes of supplemental vitamin D and n-3 FAs were analyzed as continuous or binary variables. We applied time-to-event analysis to study the association between maternal supplement use and IA, adjusting for country, HLA DR-DQ genotype, family history of type 1 diabetes and sex. Secondary outcomes included IAA or GADA as the first appearing autoantibody.Results:As of February 2018, there were 747 (9.0%) children with IA. Vitamin D supplement intake during pregnancy (any vs none) was not associated with risk for IA (hazard ratio (HR) 1.11; 95% CI 0.94, 1.31); neither was cumulative vitamin D supplement intake. Supplemental n-3 FA intake was similarly not associated with IA risk (HR: 1.19, 95% CI 0.98, 1.45). Similar lack of association was observed for either IAA or GADA as the first appearing autoantibody.Conclusions:The TEDDY cohort showed no evidence of benefit regarding IA risk for vitamin D or n-3 FA supplementation during pregnancy.20182020-02-01T00:00:00ZU01 DK063821/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesUC4 DK063863/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesJDRF/Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation/United StatesUL1 TR002535/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United StatesHHSN267200700014C/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesU01 DK063861/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesUL1 TR001427/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United StatesU01 DK063790/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesUL1 TR001082/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United StatesUL1 TR000064/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United StatesHHSN267200700014C/LM/NLM NIH HHS/United StatesU01 DK063836/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesU01 DK063829/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesU01 DK063865/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesUC4 DK095300/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesUC4 DK063861/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesUC4 DK063829/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesUC4 DK063821/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesUC4 DK117483/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesUC4 DK063836/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesUC4 DK112243/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesUC4 DK063865/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesU01 DK063863/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesUC4 DK106955/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesUC4 DK100238/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesP30 DK017047/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United StatesCC/CDC HHS/United States30411443PMC6341488717