The position of separationary and exclusionary creditors as property law beneficiaries in the personal bankruptcy proceeding

Namen magistrskega dela je prikazati položaj upnikov in način uveljavljanja njihovih zahtevkov v postopku osebnega stečaja. Kot izhaja že iz naslova magistrskega dela »Položaj ločitvenih in izločitvenih upnikov kot stvarnopravnih upravičencev v postopku osebnega stečaja«, sem se pri pisanju osredotočila na ločitvene in izločitvene upnike, ki jih obravnavamo kot stvarnopravne upravičence. Začetek postopka osebnega stečaja ne vpliva na ločitveno in izločitveno pravico, niti na terjatev, zavarovano z ločitveno pravico. Zakon določa le posebna pravila za njihovo uveljavljanje v stečajnih postopkih. Ločitveni upniki so upniki, ki imajo do stečajnega dolžnika zavarovane terjatve (največkrat gre za zastavno pravico) in so upravičeni do prednostnega poplačila njihovih terjatev iz premoženja, na katerem imajo ločitveno pravico. Ločitveni upniki se v primerjavi z navadnimi upniki poplačajo iz posebne razdelitvene mase. Njihov prednostni položaj je upravičen z dejstvom, da so si že predhodno na določenem premoženju stečajnega dolžnika izposlovali prednostno poplačilno upravičenje. Izločitveni upniki se ne poplačajo iz stečajne mase stečajnega dolžnika, kot to velja za ločitvene upnike. Namen prijave izločitvene pravice v vseh stečajnih postopkih je v tem, da se stečajnega upravitelja obvesti, da določena stvar ne pripada stečajnemu dolžniku in kot taka ne more biti predmet stečajne mase. Pravica izločitvenega upnika tako ni pravica do prednostnega poplačila, kot to velja za ločitvene upnike, temveč lahko izločitveni upnik na podlagi nje zahteva, da se mu izroči določeno premoženje, ki ne pripada stečajnemu dolžniku. Za postopek osebnega stečaja se uporablja večina določb, ki urejajo postopek stečaja nad pravno osebo. Ker pa stečajni dolžnik po koncu postopka osebnega stečaja, za razliko od stečajnega dolžnika v postopku stečaja nad pravno osebo, obstaja še naprej, vseeno terja posebno ureditev. Posebni del zakona vsebuje nekatere posebne določbe, ki se uporabljajo v postopku osebnega stečaja, hkrati pa uporabo nekaterih določb stečajnega postopka nad pravno osebo izrecno izključuje. V magistrskem delu sem se osredotočila na ta posebna pravila, ki so specifična ravno zaradi omenjene temeljne razlike.The purpose of this master’s thesis is to display the position of creditors and ways of the enforcement of their receivables in the process of personal bankruptcy proceeding. As already evident from the title of the master\u27s thesis »The position of separationary and exclusionary creditors as property law beneficiaries in the personal bankruptcy proceeding«, in my writing I focus on the separationary and exclusionary creditors who are treated as property law beneficiaries. The start of the process of personal bankruptcy does not affect the right to separate or exclude, or the receivable which is ensured with the separation right. The law states special rules regarding their treatment in bankruptcy proceedings. Separatory creditors are creditors that have an insured receivable (in most cases we are talking about a lien) towards the bankruptcy debtor, and are entitled to a preferred repayment of their receivables out of the value of the property that is covered by their separatory right. Their preferred position is justified by the fact that they had already obtained a preferential repayment right on the exactly determined property. Exclusionary creditors are not repaid out of the bankruptcy estate of the debtor, as are the separatory creditors. The purpose of the exclusionary right is in all the bankruptcy proceedings that the bankruptcy manager is informed that a particular item does not belong to the debtor and as such cannot be a part of the bankruptcy estate. The right of an exclusionary creditor, opposed to a separatory creditors, is as such not the right to a preferential repayment, but the right to an extradition of the item in question. For the proceedings of a personal bankruptcy most of the provisions regarding the bankruptcy of a legal person are applied. Because the subject of a personal bankruptcy, as opposed to the subject of the bankruptcy of a legal person, does not cease to exist it for this reason requires special regulation. A special part of the law therefore includes some special regulations which are used in the process of a personal bankruptcy, while simultaneously it excludes some of the regulations of the process of a bankruptcy of a legal entity. In my master’s thesis, I am focusing on the set of these distinctive rules which are specific due to this above mentioned difference