Chemical composition, anti-toxoplasma,cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatorypotentials of Cola gigantea seed oil

Context:Cola giganteaA. Chev. (Sterculiaceae) is an important medicinal tropical flora.Objective:The seed oil ofC. gigantea, an underutilized tropical plant was investigated for its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory, anti-Toxoplasma,and cytotoxicity activities as well as the chemical composition.Materials and methods:The physicochemical parameters of the seed oil obtained via Soxhlet extractionwas determined while the fatty acid and non-fatty acid component were analyzed by gas chromatog-raphy-mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays (10–50mg/mL) while theanti-inflammatory property was determined through Cell Membrane Stabilization assay. The anti-parasiteand cytotoxicity activity were evaluated (0–1000mg/mL) usingToxoplasma gondiiand mammalian cell lineassays, respectively.Results:The oil had fatty acids which ranged from C-12 to C-23 with linoleic (18:2) and palmitic acids(16:0) being dominant. The oil had 89.41% unsaturated fatty acids with sterolic acid, an uncommon acety-lenic fatty acid reported for the first time. Non-fatty acids obtained include cholesterol (2.12%), campes-terol (14.12%), stigmasterol (34.07%) andb-sitosterol (49.68%). The oil had a significantly (p50mg/mL) compared with ascorbic acid. In contrast, theoil showed better activity against ABTS radicals (IC5044.19 ±6.27mg/mL) compared with ascorbic acid orquercetin. Furthermore, the oil showed anti-T. gondiiand dose-dependent cytotoxicity in HFF cells withselectivity index (IC50/EC50