Fake news, big data e o risco à democracia: novos desafios à competência em informação e midiática

Social media contributed to the dissemination of information in a more agile way. Society produces and consumes information concomitantly. Individuals need to know how to interpret information critically. In politics, the situation is even more complex because misinformation or disinformation is used to favor a particular candidate or party in elections. In some countries, candidates for political office have allegedly used fake news to solicit votes from people who do not distinguish true information from false information. That is, they do not perceive the truthfulness of the facts and the quality of the information sources. Therefore, society requires individuals to be information and media literate. This study aims to connect Big Data analysis and media literacy, in order to identify fake news in the electoral context. The research problem is summarized in the following question: How can studies focused on information and media literacy combat fake news in the context of Big Data? The objective is to demonstrate the studies and the academic actions which solve the problem of fake news. The methodology is based on the Systematic Literature Review on the topics of information and media literacy and fake news, in order to demonstrate what methodology has been used to research this. A review protocol was developed, and then scientific articles were searched in two databases: Web of Science and Scientific Electronic Library Online. The articles retrieved were published in several scientific areas, which shows the multidisciplinary character of this theme. There was also an increase in the number of publications in the year 2018, indicating that this subject is topical in the academic area. Most of the studies that were analyzed suggest to include information and media literacy in school and university curricula. However, little has been said about possible solutions to avoid political fake news. In this sense, there is a lack of knowledge regarding information and media literacy in the political sphere and thus, it is an opportunity for future research