Attitudes of Maine lobstermen regarding the conservation of right whales

abstract: In recent years, the Maine lobster industry, researchers, and policy makers have attempted to come together to set new regulations into place that will help slow the decline of right whale populations off the North Atlantic coast. Like many species, right whales were once abundant in the Atlantic before commercial whaling practices decimated populations to near extinction by the 1900’s (Fujiwara et al., 2001). Today’s populations total to approximately 450 individuals worldwide and continue to decline despite conservation efforts (Pace et al., 2017). Though commercial whaling no longer poses a threat to right whales, there are other factors that have proven to be detrimental to their survival. In particular, ship strikes and entanglement in fishing rope are the main causes for continued population decline (Knowlton et al., 2012). One may ask, how is all of this connected specifically to the Maine lobster industry? It has been determined that approximately 80% of right whales currently have scars along their bodies as a result of being entangled in fishing rope. More specifically, the rope that right whales are becoming entangled in is the vertical line used by lobstermen that connects the lobster trap lying on the seafloor to a buoy at the surface. Not only can this entanglement lead to the drowning of individuals, but also a decreased birth rate among females due to stress should they successfully free themselves (Knowlton et al., 2012). In an attempt to decrease entanglement rates and bring the decline in right whale populations to a halt, the state of Maine has been in the process of creating and implementing new policies, many of which will have an impact on the lobster industry. Regulations that have been considered include weakened vertical lines, modified gear marking, a change in rope color, reduction in traps, or even the introduction of new ropeless technology. What perceptions do lobstermen in Maine have regarding the conservation of right whales and the possible regulations that could be put into place? To address this question, I posted a Google Forms survey link on a local Maine fishermen’s Facebook page in late December 2018 that remained open until the end of February 2019. The five-minute survey was to be completed on a voluntary basis to gather a convenient sample from the 15,000 members on the group page, of which not all were lobstermen. There was a total of 39 participants. The survey asked about opinions regarding a series of possible regulations that could possibly impact the lobster industry, should they be implemented. Additionally, the survey provided space for lobstermen to explain how past regulations had impacted them personally, as well as space for recommendations they thought would help conserve right whale populations while simultaneously creating little negative impact on the lobster industry