Future Changes of HRST Policy Environment and New HRST Policy Strategies in Korea

본 연구의 목적은 HRST정책을 종합적으로 조망하고 새로운 환경변화에 적극적으로 대응할 수 있는 중장기 정책방향을 수립하며, 이를 기초로 향후 시급하게 다루어야 할 아젠다 발굴과 정책 과제를 제시하기 위함이다. 연구 결과, 글로벌 관점, 질적 관점, 양성-활용 연계형 지원적 패러다임을 바탕으로 하여 우선적으로 개발, 시행해야 할 10대 핵심정책과제를 제시하면 다음과 같다. ○ 10대 핵심 HRST 정책과제 - 창의성과 다양성을 양성할 수 있는 초·중등 교육과정의 전반적 개혁과 과학교육의 혁신 - 다원적인 인력양성을 위한 고등교육체계의 영역별·수준별 분화 - 융합화를 촉진하는 고등교육과정의 혁신 - 고등교육의 글로벌 역량 강화 - 해외인력의 활용 촉진 지원 - 중고령 및 퇴직 과학기술인력 활용 - 여성과학기술인력의 양성과 활용 - 과학기술인력의 보상체계 개선을 통한 우수인력의 이공계 기피현상의 극복과제 - HRST 정책을 위한 기초인프라 구축 - HRST 정책의 조정과 연계This study aims to bring the HRST(Human Resources in Science and Technology) issues into the core governmental policy-issue, to derive the direction of future HRST policy and to show the most urgent issues. Here, HRST are people who fulfil any of the following conditions: i) successfully completed professional education equivalent to the third level in an S&T field of study ⅱ) currently employed in a S&T occupation where the above qualifications are normally required ⅲ) potentially employable in the above S&T occupation. The reason of the wider definition of HRST in this report comparing with the definition of Canberra Manual in 1995 is to allow the current convergence trend (ie. emergence of Web-designer, IT contents provider etc) and to include the S&T education under the secondary education in the Sci-Tech policy. In this study, it is reminded that the HRST policy is a human resources policy to cultivate and to provoke S&T development. The scope and definition of HRST is evolved in responding to the change of the S&T and its policy. During conducting the study, there were several panel-discussions among S&T policy makers, human resources policy maker and relevant researchers, which allow a fruitful policy-community and the diffusion of the results of the study. The direction of HRST policy and the raised issues, which are expected as the main driving force for the coming national- development, were derived from the combined analysis of internal/external environment, of others' experiences of HRST policy(EU, USA, UK, Germany, France and Japan), of current/previous Korean HRST policy. We analyzed the general government policy directions for HRST in Korea as well as specific policy strategies and programs in related government Ministries. First, the policy direction for developing the core talent aligns with general trends of future forecast, environmental change and trends found in other countries. However, many policies are mainly concentrated on the support for higher education since higher education is a critical stage to develop the high talent in High Technology, which is believed to be a driving force for enhancing national competitiveness. Inevitably, duplicated policy efforts are found among various programs initiated by different Ministries. Therefore, it is important to identify and clarify object, purpose, target and expected outcomes of various HRST programs and evaluate the relationship and possible duplication between similar programs and foster collaboration, connection and coordination among programs. In addition, the target of HRST policies should include K-12 education beyond higher education. HRST-related Ministries should pay more attention to the improvement of overall K-12 education, in particular, the improvement of mathematics and science education through increased financial support and interests. Second, the current HRST policies lack a global perspective. As the HRST market has been more globalized than ever, Korean HRST policies also should concern the development, utilization and distribution of the global talent. Third, the HRST policies have been concentrated on the development stage because outputs of development-oriented policies are often more visible and it is easy to intervene. However, the HRST policies should include the utilization of human resources in the market, which implies that the policies should reflect the needs of industries and markets. Forth, there are increasing needs for developing HRST information and statistics infrastructure such as the creation of HRST database system and provide basic demographic information on HRST. Mid- and long term HRST policy directions and strategies follow as below. A. HRST policy directions 1) from a domestic perspective to a global perspective 2) from quantitative growth to qualitative improvement 3) from the development of HRST to the development & utilization of HRST 4) from direct policy intervention to indirect support B. HRST policy strategies 1) Innovation of overall K-12 education system and STEM education to promote creativity and diversity 2) Diversify the higher education system by areas and levels to cultivate human resources who can maximize their potential in various areas 3) Innovation of higher education that enhances fusion technology 4) Foster global competitiveness of higher education 5) Support for effective utilization of the global talent 6) Utilization of the middle to old aged and retired HRST 7) Development and utilization of women HRST 8) Overcome the problem of avoidance of study in science and engineering by the high talent through improvement of the compensation system for HRST 9) Establish the basic infrastructure for HRST policies 10) Connection and coordination of HRST policies요 약 제1장 서 론 제1절 필요성 및 목적 1 제2절 연구내용과 방법 3 제2장 주요 개념 제1절 HRST의 개념 9 제2절 HRST정책 변화와 HRST 범주의 확장 17 제3절 본 연구에서의 HRST 정의 23 제3장 국내외 환경변화와 HRST정책 제1절 주요 환경변화 27 제2절 인구구조 변화와 HRST정책 방향 29 제3절 지식기반사회 진전과 HRST정책 방향 44 제4절 글로벌화와 HRST정책 방향 53 제5절 소결 74 제4장 외국의 HRST정책 동향 및 사례분석 제1절 HRST의 전반적인 세계 동향 79 제2절 미국의 HRST정책 동향 85 제3절 유럽의 HRST정책 동향 106 제4절 영국의 HRST 양성 132 제5절 프랑스의 HRST정책 154 제6절 독일의 HRST정책 164 제7절 일본의 HRST정책과 시사점 177 제8절 소결 182 제5장 한국의 HRST 현황과 HRST정책 진단 제1절 HRST의 현황 및 문제점 187 제2절 HRST정책 분석 192 제3절 부처별 HRST사업의 현황 분석 200 제4절 소결 224 제6장 중장기 HRST정책 방향과 핵심과제 제1절 HRST정책 방향 229 제2절 과학기술인력정책의 핵심 과제 240 SUMMARY 245 한국의 HRST 발간계획(안) 251 HRST 미래 포럼 254 참고문헌 36