Evaluation of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of electric city buses

This research presents a complete breakdown analysis of the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions for electric city buses. Different primary energy pathways for electricity are analysed in terms of energy efficiency and emissions. The energy losses for charging and bus operation are evaluated based on the simulations carried out in the Autonomie vehicle simulation software. Different types of driving cycles and operation conditions are used in simulations. The results show in detail the breakdown for the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions for the different energy pathways.Peer reviewe