Symptombild och förekomst av överkänslighetsreaktioner vid administrering av intravenöst och intraarteriellt jodbaserat icke-joniskt kontrastmedel : En allmän litteraturöversikt

Introduction: Iodinated radio contrast media are among the most commonly used drugs administered intravenously. Contrast agents used for radiological examinations can give rise to different types of hypersensitivity reactions, therefore it is important for radiological nurses to be prepared and alert for occuring symptoms to provide a safe patient care. Aim: The aim of the literature review was to study the symptoms and frequency of the occuring hypersensitivity reactions, and what kinds of patients are mostly at risk for the contrast hypersensitivity reactions of radiological examinations with intravenous or intra-arterial administration of iodinated non- ionic contrast agent. Method: The study was conducted as a general literature review in the field of radiography and performed systematically in order to sort out scientific research that could answer the aim. 15 articles were analyzed. Result: The prevalence of hypersensitivity reactions was between 0,1 % and 2,7%, severe hypersensitivity reactions requiring urgent medical care were 0,01%. The most common symptom was urticaria. Several risk factors such as the history of different diseases and allergies, previous contrast media reactions and female gender were described. Conclusion: Hypersensitivity reactions after the administration of iodinated non-ionic contrast media were rare. Regarding risk factors different results were shown, there was no risk factor that stands out more than others. It may be difficult for radiological nurses to feel well prepared and confident in their actions when a severe hypersensitivity reaction occurs because the hypersensitivity reactions are so rare. Education to identify symptoms and deal with a serious hypersensitivity reaction is important in clinical practice.Validerat; 20150211 (global_studentproject_submitter