Modelling, simulation and optimisation of pulse-reverse regime of copper, silver and gold electrodeposition

Pulse-reverse power modes are used in galvanotechniques in order to obtain coatings with better characteristics in terms of gloss, adhesion, tracking sharp edges and uniform distribution of deposits on complex shape objects, compared with the coatings produced by constant current modes. Pulse-reverse modes also allow the use of a higher current density, and thus the production speed of electroplating cells increases. Systems for standard electroplating of copper, silver and gold are optimised by the suitable choice of duration and intensity of the pulses. It is shown that coatings with satisfactory quality can be deposited using higher current density, different modes of pulsed current in a very short period of time, without expensive and often dangerous additives in the electrolyte. Parameters of the model for certain electrochemical systems were determined by modelling and computer simulation, so the system behaviour under different circumstances becomes predictive