O plano nacional de educa??o e o papel dos munic?pios na universaliza??o da educa??o b?sica no Brasil

This dissertation presents the results of a survey on the National Education Plan (PNE) and the role of municipalities in the universalization of basic education in Brazil. The study had as general objective, outline the challenges that the PNE establishes the Brazilian municipalities in the context of the capitalist State, federalism and the universalization of basic education as social right. This is a descriptive and qualitative research, using qualitative and quantitative approaches, developed from the theoretical framework of the bibliographical research and data analysis of documentary research. The dissertation presents a theoretical contextualization on the formation and transformation of the State within the capitalist society and the State in the process of Portuguese colonization, its development in the Empire, the Republican changes and its role in the formation and transformation of brazilian society; analyzing the trajectory of the universalization of basic education, of Brazilian federalism and decentralization of early childhood education and fundamental; with the design of the main challenges that the PNE establishes to the municipalities in the context of the universalization of basic education. The analysis indicates that the process of formation and transformation of the Brazilian State was outlined by the concentration of wealth, power and knowledge, colonial slave society set and reconfigured in capitalist society. The Brazilian State just assumes the social role in the contemporary State papers from the 1988 Federal Constitution. The Republic not prioritized the universalization of education leading to an educational delay that contributed to our political, economic, and frailties of citizenship. Points out that the training of the people and the State is marked by foreign economic domination by cultural imposition, by violence, social exclusion, by the permanent conflict, the military presence, by popular uprisings and political struggle of organic classes from the 20TH century. Describes that the cooperative federalism established in the Federal Constitution of 1988 increased the municipalities on condition that federal entity, assuming more and more the social role of the State, such as the decentralization of education. The findings show that among the major challenges that the PNE establishes the municipalities, are the daycare services of at least 50% of children from 0 to 3 years, the universalization of preschool to 4 and 5 years and of special education from 4 to 17 years, the valuation of municipal public teacher training professionals, the implementation of the cost-Student quality (CAQ) and the 93% increase in municipal expenditure on education 2.07%, to 4% of GDP, for the municipalities count of all the goals established by the PNE.A presente disserta??o apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa sobre o Plano Nacional de Educa??o (PNE) e o papel dos munic?pios na universaliza??o da educa??o b?sica no Brasil. O estudo teve como objetivo geral, delinear os desafios que o PNE estabelece aos munic?pios brasileiros no contexto do Estado capitalista, do federalismo e da universaliza??o da educa??o b?sica enquanto direito social. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e qualitativa, que utilizou abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas, desenvolvida a partir do referencial te?rico da pesquisa bibliogr?fica e da an?lise dos dados da pesquisa documental. A disserta??o apresenta uma contextualiza??o te?rica sobre a forma??o e a transforma??o do Estado no seio da sociedade capitalista e do Estado brasileiro no processo de coloniza??o portuguesa, seu desenvolvimento no Imp?rio, as transforma??es republicanas e seu papel na forma??o e transforma??o da sociedade brasileira; analisa a trajet?ria da universaliza??o da educa??o b?sica, do federalismo brasileiro e da municipaliza??o da educa??o infantil e fundamental; finaliza com o delineamento dos principais desafios que o PNE estabelece aos munic?pios no contexto da universaliza??o da educa??o b?sica. As an?lises indicam que o processo de forma??o e transforma??o do Estado brasileiro foi delineado pela concentra??o da riqueza, do poder e do saber, configurado na sociedade colonial escravocrata e reconfigurado na sociedade capitalista dependente. Que o Estado brasileiro s? assume o papel social no conjunto de papeis do Estado contempor?neo a partir da Constitui??o Federal de 1988. Que a Rep?blica n?o priorizou a universaliza??o da educa??o acarretando um atraso educacional que contribuiu para nossas fragilidades pol?ticas, econ?micas e de cidadania. Aponta que a forma??o do povo e do Estado brasileiro ? marcada pela domina??o econ?mica externa, pela imposi??o cultural, pela viol?ncia, pela exclus?o social continuada, pelo conflito permanente, pela presen?a militar, por revoltas populares e a luta pol?tica org?nica de classes a partir do s?culo XX. Descreve que o federalismo cooperativo estabelecido na Constitui??o Federal de 1988 elevou os munic?pios ? condi??o de ente federativo, assumindo cada vez mais o papel social do Estado brasileiro, como ? o caso da municipaliza??o da educa??o. As conclus?es apontam que entre os principais desafios que o PNE estabelece aos munic?pios, est?o o atendimento em creche de pelo menos 50% das crian?as de 0 a 3 anos, a universaliza??o da pr?-escola de 4 e 5 anos e da educa??o especial de 4 a 17 anos, a valoriza??o dos profissionais do magist?rio p?blico municipal, a implementa??o do Custo Aluno-Qualidade (CAQ) e o aumento em 93% das despesas municipais em educa??o, de 2,07% para 4% do PIB, para os munic?pios darem conta de todas as metas estabelecidas pelo PNE