The purpose of the thesis was to simulate the absorption spectrum of meta-materials for photovoltaic applications. By meta-material, we mean an assembly of nanometric size objects at mesoscopic distance. The underlying idea is that by adjusting the size of the nano-object and the geometric arrangement, one could tune the absorption edge. To calculate these quantities, I used state-of-the art formalism, namely ab-initio methods.The first step of the work has been dedicated to the calculation of the absorption of an isolated object (slab of silicon, graphene, hBN). In the framework of periodic codes, one uses a supercell with vacuum to isolate the object, and a method has been developed previously in the Theoretical spectroscopy group at LS...