Ivana Kobilca\u27s Oeuvre in the Interpretation of Art Critics

Predmet pričujočega magistrskega dela je opus in značaj slikarke Ivane Kobilca (1861–1926), kakor so ju interpretirali likovni kritiki od konca 19. stoletja do današnjih dni. Rojena Ljubljančanka je večino svojega življenja in predvsem leta umetniškega ustvarjanja preživela izven rojstnega mesta. Svojo pot je iz Ljubljane kot osemnajstletna nadaljevala na Dunaju, v Münchnu, Parizu, Sarajevu in Berlinu, svoj življenjski in umetnostni krog pa sklenila v Ljubljani. Umetnica je bila od samih začetkov deležna pozornosti kritike, raziskovalcev, novinarjev, umetnostnih zgodovinarjev, umetnostnih poročevalcev in širše javnosti. Prvi del magistrske naloge se ukvarja s stanjem raziskav, ki je, glede na Kobilčino priljubljenost, zelo obsežno, saj vključuje poročanja, razmišljanja in dognanja piscev ter kritikov v več kot 130-ih letih. Zaradi obsežnosti sem stanje raziskav obravnavala kronološko, medtem ko je vsebinsko razdeljeno na dva dela: poročanje in kritika ob razstavah ter Kobilčin značaj, kakor so ga interpretirali različni pisci. Stanje raziskav je pokazalo, da so sliko o Kobilci v začetkih »ustvarjali« moški pisatelji z le redkimi izjemami. Slednje se je spremenilo z letom 1950, ko so o Kobilci začele pisati predvsem ženske. Želja umestiti Kobilco v »mrežo« točno določenega umetniškega sklopa, dogajanj ali gibanj je vseskozi prisotna. Slednja je najbolj izražena s poskusi umestitve Ivane Kobilca v sklop feministične umetnosti na prelomu 20. v 21. stoletje. V nadaljevanju sledi analiza najnovejše Kobilčine retrospektivne razstave Narodne galerije iz leta 2018 in spremljajočih kritiških besedil. Dognanja spremljajoče monografije, še zlasti pa enega izmed avtorjev, Jureta Mikuža, so bistveno pripomogla »izluščiti« najkakovostnejše poudarke kritiških razmislekov preteklih obdobij, prav tako pa se je slednja pokazala kot logično nadaljevanje in nadgradnja razstave iz leta 1979 ter poglobljene študije v spremnem katalogu, ki jo je napisala Špelca Čopič.The subject of the present master’s thesis is oeuvre and character of the painter Ivana Kobilca (1861–1926) interpreted by art critics from the late 19th century to present days. Ivana Kobilca, although born in Ljubljana, had spent the most of her life and artistic engagement out of her home town. Her path led her as an eighteen year old girl from Ljubljana to Vienna, Munich, Paris, Sarajevo and Berlinnevertheless, she concluded her life and art circle in Ljubljana. From the very beginnings, the artist had received the attention of critics, researchers, journalists, art historians, artistic rapporteurs and the general public. The first part of the master\u27s thesis deals with the state of research, which, according to Kobilca’s popularity, is very extensive, as it includes reports, reflections and the findings of writers and critics in more than 130 years. Due to the extent, I examined the state of the research chronologically, which is divided into two parts: reporting and criticism by exhibitions, and Kobilca’s character, as interpreted by various writers. The state of research showed that the image of the Kobilca in the beginning was "created" by male writers with rare exceptions of female writers, latter changed from 1950, when women began to write about Kobilca. The desire to place her in the "web" of a specific artistic set, events or movements was always present. The latter is most expressed by the attempts to place Ivana Kobilca in the feminist art at the turn of the 21st century. The thesis proceeds with the newest retrospective by the National Gallery Ljubljana from 2018 and accompanying critical texts. The findings of the accompanying monograph, and especially one of the authors, Jure Mikuž, helped to "extract" the best highlights of the critical thinking of past periods. The latter proved to be a logical continuation and upgrading of the exhibition from 1979 and in-depth studies in the accompanying catalogue, which was written by Špelca Čopič