<Article>Hsu 墟 and Shih 市 in Kwangtung Province 廣東省 during the Ming 明 and Ch'ing 清

個人情報保護のため削除部分あり廣東では市場を「墟」・「市」と呼んでいるが、明清時代に刊行された地方志を検討すると、それらが従来いわれてきたよりも豊富な内容を有していることが明らかになった。「墟」・「市」はもともと市場における売買の方式を指し、開催期日・商品構成・規模・商圏によって区別されていたが、時代が下り売買が複雑になると旧来の「墟」・「市」の範疇ではとらえられなくなり単に市場の呼称として用いられるに至った。市場には商品を雨露から護るため堀っ建て小屋の如き施設が設けられていたが、商民がしだいに移り住むようになって集落化し、清代後半には市場町や商業都市に発達した。市場の多くは殖財と郷村支配を企む郷紳層によって設立されたが、一定の範囲内に住む郷民の日常生活上の中心地として機能し、村々の枠をこえた経済単位を構成するとともに、さらにそれが様々な社会領域が形成される基礎となる日常の共同関心圏となったと推定できる。In Kwangtung Province market places have been called "Hsü" or "Shih". By analizing the gazetteers published locally for hsien and other administrative units, we found that market places have more abundant characteristics than hitherto agreed. "Hsü" and "Shih" mean originally marketing form which are dis tinglished by market days, commodities and marketing area. But after years marketing had become more complicated, and "Hsü" and "Shih" came to mean market places. In market places hovels had been equipped to protect goods against weather, but gradually merchants and craftsmen had settled there and their landscapes were transformed into market town or commercial city. Many market places were set up by local gentry class who plotted to accumulate wealth and to dominate local society, but they functioned as central place of certain area in which people make a living, and they organized economic units beyond village boundaries. Furthermore, we can presume that this economic unit become a daily common area of concern which lay the foundation of various social areas