Monitoring and managing anthropogenic noise in national parks: Lessons learned from field and laboratory studies

For more than ten years, collaborative social science research initiatives between university researchers, environmental consulting planners, and federal agency programs have advanced understanding of soundscape management in parks. The results of these efforts have been integrated into management processes, enabling managers to monitor and manage acoustic resource and experiential conditions in protected areas. During this time, research methods have been developed and improved. These include measuring and evaluating sounds both in the field and laboratories, using messaging to alter perceptions and behaviors related to sounds, and using a vast array of technologies for measuring and demonstrating sound modeling, replication, presentation, and effects on human physiological response. Case studies demonstrating methodological developments for evaluating perceptions and effects of sounds and measuring and managing visitor soundscape experiences are discussed. Key research findings are presented, suggesting the continued importance of research and management strategies that promote protection of natural sounds and associated visitor experiences