Standard vs. intensified management of heart failure to reduce healthcare costs: results of a multicentre, randomized controlled trial

A multicentre randomized trial involving 787 patients (full analysis set) discharged from four tertiary hospitals with chronic HF who were randomized to SM (n=391) or INT-HF-MP (n = 396). Mean age was 74±12 years, 65% had HF with a reduced ejection fraction (31.4 ± 8.9%) and 14% were remote-dwelling. Study groups were well matched. According to Green, Amber, Red Delineation of rIsk And Need in HF (GARDIAN-HF) profiling, regardless of location, patients in the INT-HF-MP received a combination of face-to-face (home visits) and structured telephone sup- port (STS); only 9% (‘low risk’) were designated to receive the same level of management as the SM group. The median cost in 2017 Australian dollars (A$1 equivalent to EUR e 0.7) of applying INT-HF-MP was significantly greater than SM ($152 vs. $121 per patient per month; P